Fenomena Ijime Dalam Novel Hevun Karya Kawakami Mieko: Analisis Sosiologi Sastra Ian Watt

Aileena Calya Alifia, Drs. Deddy Hernandy Oekon, M.Hum.

2026 | Skripsi | SASTRA JEPANG

Hevun merupakan novel karya Kawakami Mieko yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2009, menceritakan tentang fenomena ijime di SMP Jepang. Ijime merupakan tindakan pengucilan sosial, tekanan psikologis, maupun kekerasan fisik yang dilakukan oleh seorang pelaku atau kelompok terhadap korban. Fenomena sosial ini bahkan menjadi penyebab sejumlah kasus bunuh diri siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan sejauh mana Kawakami Mieko menggambarkan fenomena ijime di sekolah Jepang dalam novel Hevun dengan menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra Ian Watt. Adapun teori teori fiksi Robert Stanton digunakan untuk analisis tema dan fakta cerita.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data primer penelitian adalah novel Hevun (2012). Unit analisis penelitian ini berupa narasi, monolog, dan dialog percakapkan antar tokoh dalam novel berkaitan dengan fenomena ijime. Sementara itu, sumber data sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, artikel, dan berita yang relevan dengan topik penelitian.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel Hevun karya Kawakami Mieko merepresentasikan fenomena ijime yang terjadi di sekolah-sekolah Jepang. Siswa yang dianggap berbeda sering kali disingkirkan oleh teman-teman kelasnya dan diperlakukan secara kasar hingga mengalami tekanan psikologis yang berat akibat dari perundungan. Dalam novel, Boku mengalami ijime secara fisik dan verbal dari Ninomiya dan kelompoknya karena kondisi mata juling yang ia miliki. Kojima pun mengalami perlakukan serupa karena latar belakang keluarganya yang miskin dan penampilannya yang kotor. Selain itu, guru-guru digambarkan sering mengabaikan tanda-tanda ijime, sehingga perundungan terus terjadi secara intens. 

Hevun is a novel by Kawakami Mieko published in 2009, which tells the story of ijime in Japanese junior high schools. Ijime can take the form of social exclusion, psychological pressure, and physical violence committed by individual or or group against a victim. This social phenomenon has even led to a number of student suicides. This study aims to describe the extent to which Kawakami Mieko depicts the phenomenon of ijime in Japanese schools in the novel Hevun using Ian Watt's theory of literary sociology. Robert Stanton's theory of fiction is used to analyze the themes and facts of the story.

This research employs a qualitative descriptive method. The primary data source is the novel Hevun (2012), while the unit of analysis consists of narrative passages, monologues, and dialogues among the characters that relate to the phenomenon of ijime. The secondary data sources include books, journals, articles, and news reports relevant to the topic.

The results of the study show that Kawakami Mieko's novel Hevun represents the phenomenon of ijime that occurs in Japanese schools. Students who are considered different are often excluded by their classmates and treated harshly, causing them to experience severe psychological pressure as a result of bullying. In the novel, Boku experiences physical and verbal bullied from Ninomiya and his group because of his strabismus. Kojima also suffers similar experiences because of his poor family background and dirty appearance. In addition, teachers are often depicted as ignoring the signs of ijime, allowing the bullying to continue intensely.

Kata Kunci : Sosiologi Sastra, Ijime, Hevun, Kawakami Mieko