Kualitas Fisik Dan Fisiologis Benih Lima Jenis Eucalyptus Penghasil Minyak Atsiri Di Khdtk Wanagama

Muhammad Azzam Alfatih, Dr. Ir. Yeni Widyana, N.R., S.Hut., M.Sc., IPU. ; Ir. Eny Faridah, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM.

2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mendorong urgensi kemandirian kesehatan nasional, termasuk dalam pengembangan bahan baku obat berbasis sumber daya alam lokal. Minyak atsiri dari tanaman Eucalyptus spp., menjadi perhatian karena kandungan senyawa bioaktif seperti 1,8-cineole dan citronellal yang berpotensi sebagai antivirus dan antibakteri. Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus/KHDTK Wanagama, Fakultas Kehutanan UGM memiliki lima spesies Eucalyptus penghasil minyak atsiri, yaitu E. alba, E. brassiana, E. camaldulensis, E. deglupta, E. teretricornis. Namun, kualitas benih dari spesies tersebut belum pernah diuji secara sistematis

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi mutu fisik dan fisiologis benih lima spesies Eucalyptus penghasil minyak atsiri di KHDTK Wanagama, yaitu E. alba, E. brassiana, E. camaldulensis, E. deglupta, dan E. teretricornis. Benih dikoleksi dari Petak 14 pada Mei - Juni 2023 dan ditimbang sebanyak 0,2 gram per spesies dengan tiga ulangan. Pengujian mutu fisik dilakukan melalui pengamatan morfologi benih menggunakan mikroskop digital, sedangkan mutu fisiologis diuji melalui parameter Daya Berkecambah, Kecepatan Berkecambah, dan perkembangan semai. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap tiga hari sekali selama 30 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varians/ANOVA untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar spesies, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Rate Test/DMRT pada taraf kepercayaan 5% jika terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan

Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis Eucalyptus memberikan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap mutu fisik dan fisiologis. Benih dari jenis E. brassiana menunjukkan performa terbaik untuk semua variabel pengamatan, yaitu persentase Daya Berkecambah (75,85%), Kecepatan Berkecambah (7,61%), dan tinggi akhir kecambah (3,06 cm). Selain itu, meskipun memiliki jumlah daun kedua tertinggi (6,72 helai), jumlah daun E. brassiana tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan E. alba (tertinggi), dengan nilai sebesar 7,58 helai.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgency of national health independence, including in the development of locally sourced raw materials for medicines. Essential oils from Eucalyptus spp. plants have attracted attention due to their bioactive compounds, such as 1,8-cineole and citronellal, which have potential antiviral and antibacterial properties. Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus of Wangama (KHDTK Wanagama), Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), houses five Eucalyptus species that produce essential oils: E. alba, E. brassiana, E. camaldulensis, E. deglupta, E. teretricornis. However, the quality of seeds from these species has never been systematically tested.

This study aims to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of seeds from five Eucalyptus species that produce essential oils at KHDTK Wanagama, namely E. alba, E. brassiana, E. camaldulensis, E. deglupta, E. teretricornis. Seeds were collected from Plot 14 in May - June 2023 and weighed at 0.2 grams per species with three replicates. Physical quality testing was conducted through seed morphology observation using a digital microscope, while physiological quality was tested through germination rate, germination speed, and seedling development parameters. Observations were conducted every three days for 30 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to determine differences between species, followed by the Duncan Multiple Rate/DMRT test at a 5% significance level if significant differences were found.

The results of the study indicated that the species differences in Eucalyptus gave very significant effects on seeds physical and physiological quality. Seeds from the E. brassiana species showed the best performance on germination rate (75.85%), germination speed (7.61%), and final seedling height (3.06 cm). In addition, despite having the second highest number of leaves (6.72 leaves), the number of leaves of E. brassiana was not significantly different from E. alba (the highest), with a value of 7.58 leaves.  

Kata Kunci : Eucalyptus spp., Minyak atsiri, Mutu benih, Uji Fisik, Uji Fisiologis