Pengaruh Ekstrak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Glukosiltransferase Streptococcus mutans

Rana Ibastanta Sembiring, drg. Ruslin, M.Kes.,Ph.D.; dr. Rini Maya Puspita, M.Sc.

2025 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Karies merupakan penyakit kronis berupa kerusakan lokal jaringan keras gigi yang disebabkan kariogenik. Streptococcus mutans berperan penting dalam karies melalui produksi enzim glukosiltransferase (GTF), yang mengubah sukrosa menjadi glukan mediator perlekatan bakteri pada permukaan gigi. Bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) mengandung flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, dan saponin yang berpotensi menghambat aktivitas enzim GTF. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak bunga rosella terhadap aktivitas enzim glukosiltransferase Streptococcus mutans.

Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak bunga rosella konsentrasi 10%, 5%, dan 2,5%, klorheksidin glukonat 0,12% sebagai kontrol positif, dan akuades sebagai kontrol negatif. Setiap tabung diisi 250 µL ekstrak, klorheksidin, atau akuades, 20 µL enzim GTF, dan 730 µL larutan substrat. Tabung reaksi diinkubasi selama 16 jam pada suhu 37°C dengan kemiringan 45°, kemudian supernatan dibuang, ditambahkan akuades, di ultrasonikasi selama 30 menit, dan diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis 1800 pada panjang gelombang 550 nm.

Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan. Uji lanjut post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bunga rosella berbeda bermakna dibandingkan klorheksidin glukonat 0,12%. Dengan demikian, ekstrak bunga rosella pada konsentrasi 10%, 5%, dan 2,5% mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim GTF S. mutans, meskipun penghambatannya masi lebih rendah dari pada klorheksidin glukonat 0,12%.

Dental caries is a chronic disease characterized by localized destruction of hard dental tissues caused by cariogenic bacteria. Streptococcus mutans play an important role in caries development through the production of glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzymes, which convert sucrose into glucans that mediate bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contains flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, which may inhibit GTF activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of roselle flower extract on the glucosyltransferase activity of Streptococcus mutans.

Roselle flower extract at concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% was used as the test groups, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate as the positive control, and distilled water as the negative control. Each tube contained 250 µL of extract, chlorhexidine, or distilled water, 20 µL of GTF enzyme, and 730 µL of substrate solution. The tubes were incubated for 16 hours at 37°C with a 45° inclination. The supernatant was discarded, distilled water was added, the samples were ultrasonicated for 30 minutes, and absorbance was measured using a UV–Vis 1800 spectrophotometer at 550 nm. 

One-Way Anova showed significant difference among treatment groups. Post hoc Least Significant difference (LSD) test indicated that roselle flower extract differed significantly from 0,12% chlorhexidine gluconat. Therefore, roselle flowers extract at 10%, 5%, and 2,5% inhibited S. mutans GTF activity, although its inhibitory effect was lower than 0,12% chlorhexidine gluconate.

Kata Kunci : karies, Streptococcus mutans, glukosiltransferase, ekstrak bunga rosella.