Persepsi Mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi Tingkat Sarjana terhadap Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Bidang Ortodonti

Fitria Nurfida Iswari, drg. Yanuarti Retnaningrum, Sp. Ort, Subsp. DDPK(K); drg. Aulia Ayub, Sp. Ort

2025 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Perkembangan teknologi digital mendorong pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam pendidikan kedokteran gigi, termasuk sebagai penunjang pembelajaran ortodonti yang melibatkan proses diagnosis dan perencanaan perawatan yang kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi mahasiswa kedokteran gigi tingkat sarjana terhadap penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam bidang ortodonti.

Penelitian menggunakan survei cross-sectional secara daring melalui Google Form pada mahasiswa Program Sarjana Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Gadjah Mada yang telah atau sedang menempuh mata kuliah ortodonti dengan total 120 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dengan skala Likert, pertanyaan pilihan ganda, dan pertanyaan terbuka yang dianalisis secara deskriptif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden menggunakan kecerdasan buatan setidaknya sekali seminggu dan ChatGPT menjadi aplikasi yang paling banyak digunakan. Tujuan penggunaan kecerdasan buatan terbanyak adalah membantu pembelajaran dan pemahaman materi. Mayoritas responden memiliki pengetahuan dasar tentang kecerdasan buatan dan menilai kecerdasan buatan bermanfaat dalam ortodonti. Perbedaan terlihat pada persepsi kerugian, di mana angkatan 2023 lebih banyak menilai kecerdasan buatan berpotensi merugikan sedangkan angkatan 2022 cenderung menilai tidak. Dari pertanyaan terbuka, manfaat yang banyak disampaikan adalah dukungan pembelajaran dan efisiensi analisis atau laporan kasus sedangkan kekhawatiran utama meliputi ketergantungan, penurunan kemampuan, kesalahan informasi, dan isu etika. Kesimpulan: penggunaan dan pengetahuan dasar tentang kecerdasan buatan tergolong tinggi dengan persepsi manfaat yang positif dengan tetap disertai kehati-hatian terhadap potensi risiko penggunaannya. Respons netral pada beberapa item menunjukkan adanya area ketidakpastian responden. Mayoritas responden menilai terdapat potensi penerapan kecerdasan buatan dalam bidang ortodonti di Indonesia.

The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in dental education, including as a support for orthodontic learning, which involves complex diagnostic and treatment-planning processes. This study was conducted to explore undergraduate dental students’ perceptions of the use of artificial intelligence in orthodontics.

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted via Google Forms among undergraduate dental students at Universitas Gadjah Mada who had completed or were currently taking orthodontic courses, with a total of 120 respondents meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A questionnaire consisting of Likert-scale items, multiple-choice questions, and open-ended questions was used, and the collected data were analyzed descriptively.

The results showed that AI was used by most respondents at least once a week, and ChatGPT was identified as the most frequently used application. The most common purpose for AI use was reported as supporting learning and improving understanding of course materials. Basic knowledge of AI was reported by most respondents, and AI was perceived as beneficial in orthodontics. Differences were observed in perceptions of disadvantages, in which the class of 2023 was more likely to perceive AI as potentially harmful, while the class of 2022 tended to perceive it as not harmful. From the open-ended responses, benefits were most frequently described as learning support and improved efficiency in analysis or case-report writing, while the main concerns were described as dependency, reduced capability, misinformation, and ethical issues. In conclusion, high levels of AI use and basic AI knowledge were identified, with generally positive perceptions of benefits, while caution toward potential risks was also indicated. Neutral responses across several items were interpreted as indicating respondent uncertainty. The potential for AI to be implemented in orthodontics in Indonesia was generally perceived by respondents.

Kata Kunci : kecerdasan buatan, ortodonti, persepsi mahasiswa, artificial intelligence, orthodontics, students’perceptions