Identifikasi Hama Penggerek Ubi Talas Pratama: Jenis, Tanda, dan Intensitas Serangannya

Ashim Syarif Krisnaputra, Prof. Dr. Ir. Fransiscus Xaverius Wagiman, S.U. ; Dr. Suputa, S.P., M.P.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Penggerek ubi pada talas Pratama (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cv. Pratama) menyebabkan kerusakan ubi yang yang sangat parah pada pertanaman dan jenisnya belum diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan untuk identifikasi, deskripsi jenis dan tanda serangan hama penggerek ubi talas Pratama, serta mengukur intensitas serangan dan kehilangan hasil. Sampel diambil secara acak sistematis sebanyak 30 tanaman lahan di lokasi Sleman, Yogyakarta dan Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Identifikasi morfologi larva, pupa, imago berdasarkan kunci determinasi menurut Borror et al. (1954). Perhitungan intensitas serangan, dan estimasi kehilangan hasil berdasarkan bobot ubi sebelum dan sesudah pengupasan kulit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ulat penggerek ubi talas Pratama termasuk dalam ordo Lepidoptera famili Crambidae. Larva menggerek masuk ke dalam ubi. Alur gerekan semakin melebar seiring dengan pertumbuhan larva. Satu ubi digerek oleh satu sampai beberapa ekor larva. Larva menjelang berkepompong keluar dari lubang gerek dan berkepompong membentuk kokon di permukaan ubi. Tanda serangan pada kulit luar ubi berupa lubang gerek dengan sisa gerekan lunak. Tanda serangan di dalam ubi, menunjukkan alur gerek tidak teratur dengan sisa gerekan lunak. Ubi sampel sehat di Sleman sebanyak 36,67% sedangkan di Magelang sebanyak 6,67%. Kehilangan hasil di Sleman sebesar 18?n di Magelang 17%. Namun demikian ubi talas yang dapat dikonsumsi relatif sama yaitu sebesar 75,68% di Sleman dan 74,96% di Magelang.

The tuber borer attacking Pratama taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cv. Pratama) caused severe tuber damage in cultivated fields, and the borer species has not yet been identified. This study aimed to identify and describe the tuber borer species and its damage symptoms, as well as to quantify attack intensity and yield loss. Samples were collected using systematic random sampling from 30 plants in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, and Magelang Regency, Central Java. Morphological identification of larvae, pupae, and adults was conducted using the taxonomic keys of Borror et al. (1954). Attack intensity was calculated, and yield loss was estimated based on tuber weight before and after peeling. The results showed that the Pratama taro tuber borer belongs to the order Lepidoptera, family Crambidae. Larvae bore into the tuber tissue, and the galleries widen as larval growth progresses. Each tuber may be infested by one to several larvae. Prior to pupation, larvae exit the bore holes and pupate by forming cocoons on the tuber surface. External damage symptoms include bore holes on the tuber skin accompanied by soft frass residues, while internal symptoms consist of irregular galleries containing soft frass. The proportion of healthy tuber samples was 36.67% in Sleman and 6.67% in Magelang. Yield loss was estimated at 18% in Sleman and 17% in Magelang. Nevertheless, the proportion of taro tubers suitable for consumption was relatively similar, amounting to 75.68% in Sleman and 74.96% in Magelang.

Kata Kunci : infestation intensity, pratama taro, tuber borer.