Strategi Manajemen Risiko Usaha Tani Padi pada Sawah Sistem Surjan dan Lembaran di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Arika Khoirina Ahmad, Arini Wahyu Utami, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manj.Agribisnis

Pemilihan sistem budidaya dalam usaha tani, seperti sistem sawah lembaran atau sujan, turut memengaruhi tingkat risiko yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) bagaimana pebedaan risiko poduksi yang dihadapi oleh petani dalam sistem sawah lembaran dan surjan, (2) bagaimana perbedaan risiko pendapatan usaha tani padi dalam sistem sawah lembaran dan surjan, (3) apa faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi risiko prdosuksi padi sistem sawah lembaran dan surjan, (4) apa strategi manajemen risiko produksi yang dilakukan untuk mengelola usaha tani padi pada sistem sawah lembaran dan surjan. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling lebih tepatnya di Kecamatan Wates sebagai sample lahan surjan, serta Lendah dan Sentolo sebagai sampel lahan lembaran. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Dengan diambil masing – masing sebesar 70 petani. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu (1) dan (2) menggunakan nilai CV untuk mengetahui tingkat risikonya, (2) menggunakan analisis Just and Pope, dan (3) menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif yang kemudian digolongkan menjadi tiga macam perilaku manajemen, yaitu strategi sebelum terjadinya risiko (ex ante), saat terjadinya risiko (interactive), dan setelah terjadinya risiko (ex post). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan risiko produksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi pada sistem sawah surjan lebih rendah dibandingkan sawah lembaran di kedua musim tanam. Faktor yang meningkatkan risiko produksi usaha tani sistem sawah surjan dan lembaran yaitu pestisida padat (gr), tenaga kerja (HKO), dan luas tanam (m2). Pada sawah lembaran, strategi manajemen risiko ex ante mencakup perencanaan usaha, penggunaan benih bersertifikat, efisiensi biaya input, dan pola tanam padi–padi–palawija. Strategi interactive dilakukan melalui penerapan rekomendasi teknis seperti jarak tanam, irigasi, pemupukan sesuai dosis, pestisida terkontrol, dan penyulaman. Ex post dilakukan dengan menghentikan/mengganti usaha, mencari solusi mandiri, meminjam modal, dan evaluasi. Sebaliknya, pada sawah surjan ex ante terbatas pada benih bersertifikat dan pola tanam padi–palawija–palawija, interactive tidak mengikuti rekomendasi teknis, sedangkan ex post meliputi kelanjutan/ penghentian usaha, konsultasi ke penyuluh, pinjaman modal, dan evaluasi kerugian.

The choice of cultivation system in farming, such as the flat rice field or sujan system, also affects the level of risk faced. This study aims to: (1) examine the differences in production risk faced by farmers in the flat rice field and sujan systems, (2) examine the differences in in rice farming income in the sawah lembaran and surjan systems, (3) what factors influence the production risks of the sawah lembaran and surjan rice farming systems, (4) what production risk management strategies are implemented to manage rice farming in the sawah lembaran and surjan systems. The location was determined using purposive sampling, specifically in the subdistrict of Wates as the surjan field sample, and Lendah and Sentolo as the sheet field samples. Sampling was conducted using the purposive sampling technique. A total of 70 farmers were selected from each group. The data analysis methods used were (1) and (2) using the CV value to determine the risk level, (2) using Just and Pope analysis, and (3) using a descriptive analysis approach which was then classified into three types of management behavior, namely strategies before the occurrence of risk (ex ante), during the occurrence of risk (interactive), and after the occurrence of risk (ex post). The research results show that the production and income risks of rice farming in the surjan rice field system are lower than in the flat rice field system in both planting seasons. Factors that increase the production risk of the surjan and flat rice field farming systems are solid pesticides (gr), labor (HKO), and planting area (m2). In flat rice fields, ex ante risk management strategies include business planning, use of certified seeds, input cost efficiency, and rice-rice-cash crop planting patterns. Interactive strategies are implemented through technical recommendations such as planting distance, irrigation, fertilization according to dosage, controlled pesticides, and transplanting. Ex post is carried out by stopping/changing businesses, seeking independent solutions, borrowing capital, and evaluation. Conversely, in surjan rice fields, ex ante is limited to certified seeds and rice-rice-cash crop planting patterns rice–cash crops–cash crops, interactive does not follow technical recommendations, while ex post includes continuation/cessation of business, consultation with extension workers, capital loans, and loss evaluation. 

Kata Kunci : Usahatani padi, risiko produksi, sistem sawah konvensional, sistem sawah surjan, manajemen risiko, Rice farming, production risk, conventional rice field system, surjan rice field system, risk management