Pengaruh Tabletop Disaster Exercise Terhadap Pengetahuan Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Erupsi Gunung Api Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
Arum Aripurnami, (1) Syahirul Alim, S.Kp. M.Sc, Ph.D s (2) Dr. Wiwin Lismidiati, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Mat
2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Keperawatan
Latar Belakang: Indonesia merupakan
negara rawan bencana, salah satunya erupsi Gunung Merapi yang berdampak besar
bagi masyarakat sekitar. Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di kawasan rawan
bencana memiliki kerentanan tinggi akibat keterbatasan pengetahuan dan pengalaman,
namun juga berpotensi menjadi agen perubahan dalam mitigasi bencana.
Pembelajaran kebencanaan di sekolah masih bersifat teoritis sehingga diperlukan
metode interaktif seperti Tabletop Disaster Exercise (TDE) untuk meningkatkan
pengetahuan kesiapsiagaan.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan
penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasi-eksperimen menggunakan pre-test
post-test control group design. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juni–Juli 2025 di
dua sekolah yang berada di kawasan rawan bencana (KRB), melibatkan 61 siswa
berusia 15–18 tahun yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convinience sampling.
Kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi (n=31) dan kontrol (n=30). Kelompok
intervensi mengikuti TDE berupa diskusi, bermain peran, dan simulasi berbasis
skenario selama ± 60 menit. pengetahuan kesiapsiagaan diukur menggunakan
kuesioner tervalidasi yang dimodifikasi dari instrumen kesiapsiagaan bencana
LIPI–UNESCO/ISDR (2006) yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitasnya. Analisis
data dilakukan menggunakan uji independent t-test dan regresi linear
multivariat.
Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan
adanya peningkatan pengetahuan kesipsiagaan yang signifikan pada kelompok
intervensi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, nilai rerata pre-test dan standar
deviasi pada kelompok intervensi 4,96 + 1,703, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol
-0,33 + 1.583. Nilai selisih skor pengetahuan kesipasiagaan menunjukkan
peningkatan sebesar 5,301 lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, perbedaan
ini terbukti signifikan (p<0>.
Kesimpulan: TDE terbukti efektif, murah, dan praktis dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan kesiapsiagaan siswa SMA di kawasan rawan erupsi. TDE diintegrasikan ke dalam program pendidikan kebencanaan sekolah untuk memperkuat ketangguhan siswa dan masyarakat.
Background:Indonesia is a disaster-prone country, with the eruption of Mount Merapi having a significant impact on surrounding communities. High school students in disaster-prone areas are highly vulnerable due to limited knowledge and experience, but they also have the potential to become agents of change in disaster mitigation. Disaster education in schools remains theoretical, necessitating interactive methods such as Tabletop Disaster Exercises (TDE) to enhance preparedness.
Method:This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design using a pre-test post-test control group design. The study was conducted in June–July 2025 in two schools located in the Disaster Prone Area (KRB), involving 61 students aged 15–18 years who were selected using convenience sampling techniques. Then divided into intervention groups (n=31) and control groups (n=30). The intervention group participated in TDE in the form of discussions, role-playing, and scenario-based simulations for ± 60 minutes. Preparedness knowledge was measured using a validated questionnaire modified from the LIPI–UNESCO/ISDR disaster preparedness instrument (2006) which has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using independent t-tests and multivariate linear regression.
Results:There was a significant increase in preparedness knowledge in the intervention group compared to the control group, the mean pre-test score and standard deviation in the intervention group were 4.96 + 1.703, while in the control group -0.33 + 1.583. The difference in preparedness knowledge scores showed an increase of 5.301 higher than the control group (p <0>
Conclusion:TDE has proven effective, affordable, and practical in improving high school students' preparedness knowledge in eruption-prone areas. TDE is integrated into school disaster education programs to strengthen student and community resilience.
Kata Kunci : disaster preparedness; Tabletop Exercise; students; volcanoes
