Strategi Adaptasi Penghuni Di Kampung Pringgolayan Surakarta Pasca Program Rumah Sehat

Yovie Zulaikha Gultom, Diananta Pramitasari, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Permukiman sebagai ruang hidup manusia senantiasa beradaptasi terhadap keterbatasan fisik dan perubahan lingkungan. Kampung Pringgolayan Eks HP 10, yang dahulu merupakan kawasan kumuh, telah mengalami penataan melalui program perbaikan infrastruktur. Namun, keterbatasan lahan dengan luas rata-rata 20 m² dua lantai mendorong penghuni mengembangkan strategi adaptasi ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk strategi adaptasi serta menganalisis implikasinya terhadap dinamika ruang hunian. Dengan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus melalui observasi serta wawancara mendalam, penelitian menemukan tiga bentuk strategi adaptasi: adaptation by reaction (perubahan fisik dan penambahan elemen), adaptation by adjustment (penyesuaian fungsi ruang), dan adaptation by withdrawl (pemindahan aktivitas ke tempat lain). Strategi dominan adalah kombinasi by reaction dan by adjustment, yang mencerminkan fleksibilitas serta kreativitas penghuni dalam mengoptimalkan ruang terbatas. 

Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi strategi adaptasi mencakup struktur keluarga, mata pencaharian, serta atribut lingkungan yang dirasakan langsung oleh penghuni. Struktur keluarga berperan dalam menentukan kebutuhan ruang, pola penggunaan ruang, dan tingkat fleksibilitas yang harus dicapai agar aktivitas sehari-hari dapat berlangsung dengan nyaman. Mata pencaharian penghuni sering kali mendorong terjadinya integrasi fungsi ekonomi ke dalam hunian, sehingga ruang-ruang tertentu mengalami perubahan untuk mendukung aktivitas produksi atau usaha kecil. Atribut lingkungan yang menjadi pertimbangan penghuni meliputi kenyamanan, aksesibilitas, adaptabilitas, kesesakan, dan privasi, yang secara keseluruhan membentuk persepsi dan kebutuhan adaptasi mereka terhadap ruang. Strategi adaptasi yang muncul merupakan cerminan kemampuan penghuni dalam mengelola berbagai keterbatasan fisik hunian sambil tetap mempertahankan kenyamanan, produktivitas, dan keberfungsian ruang secara berkelanjutan. Adaptasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penghuni tidak hanya bereaksi terhadap kondisi lingkungan, tetapi juga secara aktif menata ruang agar selaras dengan kebutuhan hidup mereka yang dinamis.

Human settlements as living spaces continuously adapt to physical constraints and environmental changes. Kampung Pringgolayan Ex-HP 10, which was formerly categorized as a slum area, has undergone restructuring through an infrastructure improvement program. However, limited land availability, with an average dwelling size of approximately 20 m² across two floors, has encouraged residents to develop various spatial adaptation strategies. This study aims to identify the forms of adaptation strategies and analyze their implications for residential spatial dynamics. Using a qualitative method with a case study approach through observation and in-depth interviews, the research identifies three forms of adaptation strategies: adaptation by reaction (physical changes and the addition of elements), adaptation by adjustment (functional modification of space), and adaptation by withdrawal (relocation of activities to other spaces). The dominant strategy is a combination of by-reaction and by-adjustment, reflecting residents’ flexibility and creativity in optimizing limited space.

The factors influencing adaptation strategies include family structure, occupation, and environmental attributes directly perceived by residents. Family structure plays a role in determining spatial needs, patterns of space utilization, and the level of flexibility required to ensure daily activities can be carried out comfortably. Residents’ occupations often encourage the integration of economic functions into the dwelling, leading to spatial transformations that support production activities or small-scale enterprises. Environmental attributes considered by residents include comfort, accessibility, adaptability, crowding, and privacy, which collectively shape their perceptions and adaptive needs toward space. The resulting adaptation strategies reflect residents’ capacity to manage physical limitations while maintaining comfort, productivity, and sustainable spatial functionality. These adaptations demonstrate that residents not only react to environmental conditions but also actively reorganize space to align with their dynamic living needs.

Kata Kunci : Strategi Adaptasi, Ruang Hunian, Atribut Lingkungan, Kampung Pringgolayan, Perilaku Penghuni