Co-Design Modul Psikoedukasi Kontrol Diri untuk Anak 8–11 Tahun dengan Kecenderungan Adiksi Smartphone

Asri Nasrilah Alam, Elga Andriana, S.Psi., M.Ed., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Profesi Psikologi

Penggunaan smartphone pada anak usia sekolah dasar menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dan menimbulkan risiko kecenderungan adiksi yang dapat berdampak pada perkembangan psikologis, sosial, dan kesehatan fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun modul kontrol diri bagi anak usia 8–11 tahun dengan kecenderungan adiksi smartphone melalui pendekatan co-design. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan participatory action research (PAR), melibatkan delapan anak sebagai co-designer. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, serta sesi co-design yang menghasilkan modul berbasis tiga aspek kontrol diri: kontrol perilaku, kontrol kognitif, dan kontrol pengambilan keputusan. asil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan dan preferensi anak dalam mengelola penggunaan smartphone terbagi menjadi tiga aspek, yaitu perlunya struktur mandiri yang fleksibel (seperti jadwal), aktivitas pengganti yang konkret (replacement behavior), serta mekanisme umpan balik adaptif (seperti reward dan kesempatan berekspresi). Partisipasi anak selama sesi co-design terbukti sangat aktif dan bermakna. Anak-anak berperan sebagai mitra desain yang setara dalam menentukan isi, visual, dan bahasa modul, yang pada akhirnya menumbuhkan rasa kepemilikan (agency) terhadap modul tersebut. Modul hasil co-design dinilai baik, valid, dan relevan oleh ahli. Namun, keberhasilan implementasi modul di lapangan sangat bergantung pada dukungan dan scaffolding konsisten dari orang tua atau fasilitator. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi praktis dalam pengembangan intervensi psikoedukasi yang ramah anak serta menegaskan pentingnya pelibatan anak sebagai mitra aktif dalam penyusunan strategi kontrol diri digital.

The increasing use of smartphones among elementary school children raises concerns about the risk of smartphone addiction, which can affect their psychological, social, and physical development. This study aims to develop a self-control module for children aged 8–11 years with a tendency toward smartphone addiction using a co-design approach. A qualitative method with participatory action research (PAR) was employed, involving eight children as co-designers. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and co-design sessions, resulting in a module based on three aspects of self-control: behavioral control, cognitive control, and decision control. The findings indicate that children's needs and preferences for managing smartphone use are categorized into three essential aspects: the need for flexible self-structure (such as scheduling), concrete replacement activities, and adaptive feedback mechanisms (such as rewards and opportunities for expression). Children's participation during the co-design sessions proved to be highly active and meaningful. They served as equal design partners in determining the module's content, visuals, and language, which ultimately fostered a strong sense of ownership (agency) over the resulting module. The co-designed module was rated as good, valid, and relevant by an expert child psychologist. However, the successful implementation of the module in real-world settings heavily relies on consistent support and scaffolding from parents or facilitators. This study provides practical contributions to child-friendly psychoeducation interventions and emphasizes the importance of involving children as active partners in developing digital self-control strategies.

Kata Kunci : kontrol diri, kecenderungan adiksi smartphone, anak usia 8-11 tahun, co-design