Kepastian Hukum Cross Collateral Dalam Kepailitan : Analisis Peniadaan Asas Pari Passu Pro Rata Parte Berdasarkan Putusan MA No 1287k/Pdt-Sus-Pailit/ 2017

Raden Rara Mutiara Santyastuti Wijaya, Prof. Dr. Nindyo Pramono, S.H., M.S.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Hukum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peniadaan asas hukum kepailian, khusunya asas pari passu pro rata parte yang ditiadakan dengan perjumpaan utang atau kompensasi utang yang termuat pada putusan MA No 1287K/Pdt-Sus-Pailit/ 2017 menyatakan keberatan berdasarkan Pasal 52 ayat (2) UU Nomor 37 Tahun 2004. Penelitian berfokus dalam memahami bagaimana Putusan MA memperlakukan klausula cross collateral sebagai instrumen sah yang meniadakan pembayaran berdasarkan asas pari passu pro rata parte sebagai kreditur konkuren serta menjelaskan kedudukan hukum kurator dan kreditur atas perjumpaan utang atau kompensasi yang terjadi selama poses kepailitan.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode hukum normative, menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah data skeunder berupa bahan hukum primer yaitu putusan MA No 1287K/Pdt-Sus-Pailit/ 2017 dan UU Kepailitan dan PKPU, serta bahan hukum sekunder yang relavan dengan topik penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan akan dianalisi secara kualitatif, analisis yang mengindetifikasi tema, atau kerangka pemahaman dari data yang terpilih.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Mahkamah Agung mempertegas tindakan kurator yang melakukan perjumpaan utang atau kompensasi, yang secara subtansial meniadakan tagihan kreditur konkuren berdasarkan asas pari passu pro rata part. Perjumpaan utang atau kompensasi terjadi akibat dari pelunasan kewajiban melalui mekanisme mekanisme eksekusi jamminan berdasarkan klausula cross colaterall, perjanjian yang disepakati sebelum putusan pernyataan pailit dijatuhkan. Kompensasi atau perjumpaan utang dianggap sah berdasarkan pasal 51 ayat (1) UU Kepailitan dan PKPU meskupun eksekusi perjumpaan terjadi dalam proses kepailitan.

This study aims to examine the elimination of the legal principles of bankruptcy, especially the principle of pari passu pro rata parte which is eliminated by debt set-off or debt compensation as contained in the Supreme Court decision No. 1287K/Pdt-Sus-Pailit/2017. stated objections based on Article 52 paragraph (2) of Law Number 37 of 2004. The research focuses on understanding how the Supreme Court Decision treats the cross collateral clause as a legal instrument that eliminates payments based on the pari passu pro rata parte principle as a concurrent creditor and explains the legal position of the curator and creditors regarding debt set-off or compensation that occurs during the bankruptcy process.

    This research was conducted using a normative legal method, employing a conceptual approach, a case study approach, and a statutory approach. The data source for this research is secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, namely Supreme Court Decision No. 1287K/Pdt-Sus-Pailit/2017. and the Bankruptcy and PKPU Laws, as well as secondary legal materials relevant to the research topic. The collected data will be analyzed qualitatively, identifying themes or a framework for understanding the selected data.

 The results of the study show that the Supreme Court emphasized the curator's actions in carrying out debt set-off or compensation, which substantially eliminates the claims of concurrent creditors based on the principle of pari passu pro rata part . Debt set-off or compensation occurs as a result of the settlement of obligations through the guarantee execution mechanism based on the cross collateral clause , an agreement agreed upon before the bankruptcy declaration decision is issued. Compensation or debt set-off is considered valid based on Article 51 paragraph (1) of the Bankruptcy and PKPU Law even though the execution of the set-off occurs during the bankruptcy process.

Kata Kunci : Kepailitan, Perjumpaan Atau Kompensasi, Jaminan Cross Collateral, Asas Pari Passu Pro Rata Parte