Perbaikan Benih Pasca Halopriming KNO3 dan Morfo-Fisiologis Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) “Servo” pada Cekaman Kekeringan
Amira Mufida Zharfa, Ir. Budiastuti Kurniasih, M.Sc., Ph.D.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi
Salah satu teknologi untuk mengatasi masalah kualitas benih rendah dan cekaman kekeringan adalah halopriming menggunakan kalium nitrat (KNO?). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1). Menentukan konsentrasi dan durasi optimum halopriming KNO? untuk meningkatkan kualitas benih deteriorasi maupun normal, 2). Mengevaluasi respon tanaman tomat varietas Servo F1 hasil halopriming KNO? pada berbagai tingkat cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap. Tahap I dilaksanakan pada September–November 2024 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktorial 2×4×4 dengan dua blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor perlakuan terdiri atas: kondisi benih (normal dan deteriorasi), konsentrasi KNO? (0%, 1,5%, 3,0%, dan 4,5%), dan durasi perendaman KNO? (0, 12, 24, dan 36 jam). Tahap II dilaksanakan pada April–Juni 2025 menggunakan RAKL faktorial 2×4 dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor perlakuan adalah: konsentrasi KNO? (0?n 4%) dan interval penyiraman (2, 4, 6, dan 8 hari sekali). Hasil penelitian tahap I menunjukkan bahwa benih normal memiliki kualitas benih lebih tinggi dibandingkan benih deteriorasi. Konsentrasi halopriming KNO3 dan durasi perendaman optimum untuk benih normal adalah 3,56?n 23,43 jam menghasilkan bobot kering total sebesar 0,185 g (2,78% lebih tinggi dari kontrol tanpa perlakuan halopriming KNO3). Pada benih deteriorasi, konsentrasi halopriming KNO3 dan durasi perendaman optimum adalah 2,16?n 27,29 jam menghasilkan bobot kering total sebesar 0,168 g (250,00?ri kontrol tanpa halopriming KNO3). Penelitian tahap II menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar variabel tidak memperlihatkan interaksi antara halopriming KNO? dan interval penyiraman, kecuali panjang akar total 5 mst, kandungan prolin, dan laju fotosintesis. Aplikasi KNO? sebesar 4% meningkatkan bobot buah per tanaman sebesar 9,74% dibandingkan tanpa KNO3. Interval penyiraman 2 hari sekali memberikan hasil terbaik dengan bobot buah per tanaman sebesar 564,24 g, sedangkan interval 4, 6, dan 8 hari sekali menurunkan hasil masing-masing sebesar 44,62%, 65,38%, dan 84,25%. Dengan demikian, halopriming KNO? terbukti mampu memperbaiki kualitas benih normal maupun deteriorasi serta meningkatkan produktivitas tomat.
One technology to overcome the problem of low seed quality and drought stress is halopriming using potassium nitrate (KNO?). This study aimed to: 1) Determine the optimum concentration and duration of KNO? halopriming for improving the quality of deteriorated and non-deteriorated seeds, and 2) Evaluating the response of tomato plants of the Servo F1 variety resulting from halopriming with KNO3 to various levels of drought stress. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was conducted in September–November 2024 used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) factorial 2×4×4 with two blocks as replication. The experimental factors were: seed condition (non-deteriorated and deteriorated seeds), KNO3 concentration (0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%), and soaking duration (0, 12, 24, and 36 hours). The second stage was conducted in April–June 2025 used a RCBD factorial 2×4 with three blocks as replication. The experimental factors were: KNO? concentration (0% and 4%) and watering interval (once every 2, 4, 6, and 8 days). The results of the first stage of the study showed that non-deteriorated seeds had higher seed quality than deteriorated seeds. The optimum concentration of KNO3 halopriming and soaking duration for non-deteriorated seeds were 3.56% and 23.43 h, resulting in a total dry weight of 0.185 g (2.78% higher than the control without KNO3 halopriming treatment). In deterioration seeds, the optimum concentration of KNO3 halopriming and soaking duration were 2.16% and 27.29 h, resulting in a total dry weight of 0.168 g (250.00% of the control without KNO3 halopriming). The second stage showed that most variables did not show an interaction between KNO? halopriming and watering interval, except for root length in 5 wap, proline content, and photosynthesis rate. Application of 4% KNO? increased fruit weight per plant by 9.74% compared to without KNO?. A watering interval of every two days produced the fruit weight per plant of 564.24 g, while intervals of 4, 6, and 8 days reduced yields by 44.62%, 65.38%, and 84.25%, respectively. Thus, KNO? halopriming has been shown to improve the quality of both non-deteriorated and deteriorated seeds, as well as increase tomato yield.
Kata Kunci : benih, cekaman kekeringan, halopriming, kalium nitrat, tomat
