GEOMETRI SISTEM PERTANAMAN, PENGETAHUAN TRADISIONAL, DAN PENGATURAN HASIL AGROFORESTRI SEBAGAI DASAR PERENCANAAN ZONA PENYANGGA PRODUKTIF DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI

Zaky Burhanuddin, Prof. Priyono Suryanto, S.Hut., M.P., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Agroforestri di zona penyangga lereng selatan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM) berperan penting dalam menyeimbangkan produktivitas hasil dan fungsi konservasi, terutama setelah erupsi Merapi 1994 yang memicu adaptasi masyarakat melalui pengembangan agroforestri. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengidentifikasi geometri sistem pertanaman agroforestri, (2) menganalisis faktor penentu pengetahuan tradisional, (3) mengidentifikasi pengaturan hasil agroforestri, dan (4) merumuskan strategi pengembangan agroforestri produktif di zona penyangga lereng selatan TNGM.

Penelitian dilakukan pada Februari–Oktober 2025 pada Zona Penyangga di Dusun Turgo, Sleman, menggunakan 60 unit lahan agroforestri sebagai sampel. Geometri dianalisis secara deskriptif menurut rancangan Huxley (1999), faktor pengetahuan tradisional ditentukan melalui analisis Classification and Regression Trees (CART), dan pengaturan hasil dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Ketiga hasil analisis digunakan sebagai dasar penyusunan strategi melalui analisis Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, dan Threats (SWOT).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa geometri agroforestri di zona penyangga lereng selatan TNGM didominasi oleh sistem agroforestri campuran yang kompleks, dengan penerapan geometri pertanaman secara parsial pada komoditas tertentu sebagai penanda arah pengelolaan yang mulai berorientasi pada peningkatan produktivitas. Pengetahuan tradisional agroforestri terbagi menjadi pengetahuan dalam pemilihan jenis dan pengelolaan, yang dipengaruhi oleh usia, pengalaman mengelola agroforestri, pengaturan jarak tanam, dan jenis pekerjaan masyarakat, serta bersifat dinamis dan adaptif terhadap perubahan lingkungan pascaerupsi Merapi. Pengaturan hasil menunjukkan keanekaragaman potensi produk yang tinggi, namun pemanfaatannya masih didominasi oleh beberapa komoditas utama seperti Coffea arabica, C. canephora, Camellia sinensis, Paraserianthes falcataria, dan Swietenia mahagoni, dengan pola panen yang masih bersifat musiman. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, strategi pengembangan agroforestri produktif difokuskan pada penguatan sistem multistrata berbasis C. arabica dan buah lokal, peningkatan intensitas pengelolaan melalui pelatihan teknis dan demonstrasi plot, serta optimalisasi struktur multistrata dengan jenis peneduh dan barier alami sebagai upaya adaptasi ekologis terhadap risiko hama, erupsi Merapi, dan perubahan iklim.

Agroforestry in the buffer zone on the southern slope of Mount Merapi National Park (TNGM) plays an essential role in balancing productivity and conservation functions, especially following the 1994 eruption, which encouraged community adaptation through agroforestry development. This study aimed to: (1) identify the planting geometry of agroforestry systems, (2) analyze the determining factors of traditional knowledge, (3) identify agroforestry yield management, and (4) formulate strategies for productive agroforestry development in the buffer zone of TNGM.

The research was conducted from February to October 2025 in buffer zone, Turgo, Sleman District, using 60 agroforestry land units as samples. Planting geometry was analyzed descriptively based on Huxley’s (1999) design framework, traditional knowledge factors were examined using Classification and Regression Trees (CART), and yield management was assessed through descriptive quantitative analysis. The findings from these three analyses were integrated into strategy formulation using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis.

The results indicate that agroforestry geometry in the buffer zone of the southern slope of TNGM is dominated by complex mixed agroforestry systems, with partial application of planting geometry on specific commodities as an indicator of a management shift toward increased productivity. Traditional agroforestry knowledge is divided into species selection and management practices, influenced by factors such as age, experience in agroforestry management, planting distance regulation, and type of occupation, and remains dynamic and adaptive to post-eruption environmental changes. Agroforestry yield management shows high potential product diversity; however, utilization is dominated by several key commodities, including Coffea arabica, C. canephora, Camellia sinensis, Paraserianthes falcataria, and Swietenia mahagoni, with harvesting patterns that remain largely seasonal. Based on these conditions, productive agroforestry development strategies focus on strengthening multistrata systems based on C. arabica and local fruit species, increasing management intensity through technical training and demonstration plots, and optimizing multistrata structures with shade trees and natural barriers as ecological adaptation measures to pests, volcanic eruptions, and climate change.

Kata Kunci : Agroforestri, geometri, pengetahuan tradisional, pengaturan hasil, SWOT, CART, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi