Keberlanjutan Dampak Program Pembebasan Hutang RIba (PHR) Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (BMT UMY)

Fandhi Yusuf, Dr. Nunuk Dwi Retnandari, M.SI

2025 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberlanjutan dampak Program Pembebasan Hutang Riba (PHR) Baitul Maal wa Tamwil Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (BMT UMY) dalam mencegah kembali terjerat utang riba serta meningkatkan kemampuan pengelolaan keuangan menuju kesejahteraan keuangan bagi penerima manfaat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Pada tahap ini, peneliti berupaya memahami proses intervensi program, tingkat perubahan perilaku keuangan, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberlanjutan dampak program penerima manfaat periode tahun 2021-2025. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik dengan bantuan perangkat lunak NVivo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Program PHR BMT UMY tidak hanya melakiukan pembebasan utang riba, tetapi juga membentuk perubahan perilaku keuangan penerima manfaat melalui penguatan literasi keuangan, mental, serta nilai moral dan spiritual. Penerima manfaat menunjukkan kecenderungan tidak kembali terjerat utang riba, memiliki kemampuan pengelolaan keuangan yang lebih baik, serta mengalami peningkatan kesejahteraan keuangan. Keberlanjutan dampak program dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor utama, yaitu kemampuan berpikir penerima manfaat, terciptanya ruang finansial pasca pembebasan utang, dukungan sosial dan komunitas, serta internalisasi nilai moral dan spiritual. Selain itu, institusionalisasi Program PHR dalam sistem kelembagaan BMT UMY turut berperan penting dalam menjaga konsistensi pelaksanaan program dan memperkuat dampak jangka panjang. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi antara pembebasan utang, intervensi perubahan perilaku, dan dukungan kelembagaan merupakan kunci keberlanjutan dampak program pembebasan utang riba masyarakat.

This study aims to analyze the sustainability of the impacts of the Riba Debt Relief Program (Pembebasan Hutang Riba / PHR) implemented by Baitul Maal wa Tamwil Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (BMT UMY) in preventing beneficiaries from relapsing into riba-based debt and in enhancing their financial management capacity toward improved financial well-being. This research employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. At this stage, the study seeks to understand the program intervention process, the extent of changes in beneficiaries’ financial behavior, and the factors influencing the sustainability of program impacts among beneficiaries during the 2021-2025 period. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, and were analyzed thematically with the assistance of NVivo. The findings indicate that the PHR program implemented by BMT UMY does not merely provide riba-based debt relief, but also fosters changes in beneficiaries’ financial behavior through the strengthening of financial literacy, mental resilience, and moral and spiritual values. Beneficiaries demonstrate a tendency not to return to riba-based debt, exhibit improved financial management capabilities, and experience enhanced financial well-being. The sustainability of program impacts is influenced by several key factors, including beneficiaries’ cognitive capacity, the creation of financial space following debt relief, social and community support, and the internalization of moral and spiritual values. Furthermore, the institutionalization of the PHR program within BMT UMY’s organizational system plays a significant role in maintaining program implementation consistency and strengthening long-term impacts. This study concludes that the integration of debt relief, behavioral change interventions, and institutional support constitutes a key determinant of the sustainability of program impacts in community based riba debt relief initiatives.

Kata Kunci : Pembebasan Hutang Riba, Keberlanjutan Dampak, Kesejahteraan Keuangan, BMT, Keuangan Syariah