Perbedaan Kadar Secretory Immunoglobulin A dalam Saliva Anak Stunting Berkaries dengan Nonstunting Bebas Karies Usia 3-5 Tahun (Kajian Awal di Kapanewon Imogiri, Bantul)

Nasywa Zayn Rivai, drg. Trianna Wahyu Utami, MD.Sc., Ph.D. ; drg. Aryan Morita, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Stunting dan karies gigi merupakan dua masalah kesehatan utama pada anak usia prasekolah yang dapat saling memperburuk melalui gangguan nutrisi dan perubahan komposisi saliva. Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) saliva berperan penting dalam pertahanan imun mukosa rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan kadar relatif sIgA saliva antara anak stunting berkaries dentin dan anak nonstunting bebas karies usia 3–5 tahun di Kapanewon Imogiri, Bantul.

Penelitian dengan pendekatan cross sectional ini melibatkan enam anak yang dipilih secara purposive dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu tiga anak stunting berkaries dentin dan tiga anak nonstunting bebas karies. Status stunting diperoleh dari data sekunder Z-score TB/U di Puskesmas Imogiri II, sedangkan status karies ditentukan dengan indeks dmf-t dan skor ICDAS 4–6. Saliva unstimulated dikumpulkan pada pagi hari, kemudian kadar relatif sIgA dianalisis menggunakan metode Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data diuji normalitasnya dengan Shapiro–Wilk, uji homogenitas dengan Lavene’s Test dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Independent T-test dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0>

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar relatif sIgA saliva secara deskriptif lebih tinggi pada anak stunting berkaries dentin dibandingkan anak nonstunting bebas karies, namun perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,382). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar relatif sIgA saliva antara kedua kelompok, meskipun terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan kadar sIgA pada anak stunting berkaries dentin yang merupakan ceriminan respon imun mukosa kompensatorik terhadap infeksi kariogenik.

Stunting and dental caries are two major health problems in preschool children that may exacerbate each other through nutritional impairment and changes in salivary composition. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays an important role in oral mucosal immune defense. This study aimed to determine differences in relative salivary sIgA levels between stunted children with dentin caries and non-stunted caries-free children aged 3–5 years in Kapanewon Imogiri, Bantul.

This cross-sectional study included six children selected through purposive sampling and divided into two groups: three stunted children with dentin caries and three non-stunted caries-free children. Stunting status was obtained from secondary height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) data from Imogiri II Primary Health Center, while caries status was assessed using the dmf-t index and ICDAS scores 4–6. Unstimulated saliva was collected in the morning, and relative salivary sIgA levels were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data were tested for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test, for homogeneity of variance using Levene’s test, and analyzed using an independent-samples t-test with a significance level of p<0>

The results showed that relative salivary sIgA levels were descriptively higher in stunted children with dentin caries than in non-stunted caries-free children; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.382). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in relative salivary sIgA levels between the two groups, although a trend toward higher sIgA levels was observed in stunted children with dentin caries, which may reflect a compensatory mucosal immune response to cariogenic infection.

Kata Kunci : Saliva, secretory immunoglobulin A, stunting, karies dentin, anak usia 3-5 tahun, LC-HRMS.