INDONESIA’S HALAL MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT: A CRITICAL LOOK AT THE POLICY

Tessa Filzana Sari, Dr. Ratminto, M.Pol.Admin.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Penelitian ini mengkaji Perjanjian Saling Pengakuan (Mutual Recognition Agreement/MRA) Halal sebagai instrumen kebijakan yang digunakan oleh Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH) dalam mengakui sertifikat halal yang diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Halal Luar Negeri (Halal Certification Body/HCB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai sejauh mana MRA Halal mampu mewujudkan prinsip resiprokal dalam pengakuan sertifikat halal antara Indonesia dan negara mitra.

Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku kepentingan utama, termasuk BPJPH, HCB (baik tipe pemerintah maupun swasta), perwakilan sektor bisnis, dan kantor promosi perdagangan. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui telaah peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen kerja sama MRA Halal, serta literatur akademik. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan kerangka Policy Analysis Circle dari Gagnon dan Labonté yang mencakup lima dimensi utama: konteks, aktor, proses, konten, dan dampak.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun BPJPH telah menandatangani puluhan MRA Halal dengan HCB, implementasinya belum optimal dan belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan resiprositas. Kendala utama meliputi perbedaan sistem regulasi halal antarnegara, keterbatasan kewenangan HCB swasta di negara sekuler, ketidaksesuaian standar, serta belum terlihatnya dampak nyata terhadap fasilitasi perdagangan dan ekspor produk halal Indonesia. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya diferensiasi kebijakan terhadap HCB swasta dan pemerintah, penggunaan mekanisme pengakuan sepihak untuk negara sekuler, serta prioritisasi kerja sama halal dengan negara-negara anggota Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam (OKI).

This research analyzes the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) as a policy mechanism for facilitating the reciprocity of halal certificates by Indonesia’s Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH) and its counterparts, the foreign Halal Certification Bodies (HCBs). Using a qualitative approach, the research draws on interviews with stakeholders from the BPJPH, HCBs, trade promotion office, and business actors, as well as policy document reviews. The analysis follows Gagnon and Labonté’s policy analysis circle, examining five components: context, actors, process, content, and impact.

The findings reveal that while the BPJPH has signed numerous Halal MRAs, several remain unimplemented due to the non-compliance requirements especially from the private-type HCBs in secular countries. Even with the government-type HCBs, the Halal MRAs face obstacles to be implemented because of the different regulations. The businesses also report that the Halal MRAs have not significantly improved trade facilitation.

This study suggests BPJPH to differentiate the regulatory approach for private and government-type HCBs, adopt a unilateral recognition for the HCBs in secular countries, and prioritize Halal MRAs with the member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) based on shared standards. These steps can improve the international distribution of Indonesian halal products internationally and strengthen Indonesia’s role within the world’s halal ecosystem.

Kata Kunci : halal, mutual recognition agreement, halal certification, policy analysis