SINTESIS TURUNAN HIBRIDA HIDRAZIDA-HIDRAZON DARI ALDEHIDA AROMATIK
Merinah, Dr. Muhammad Idham Darussalam M., M.Sc
2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia
Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk melakukan sintesis senyawa hibrida hidrazida-hidrazon dari
aldehida aromatik bersubstituen, mempelajari pengaruh sifat substituen terhadap
stabilitas ikatan imina (C=N) dan rendemen pembentukan hidrazon, serta
memprediksi kaitan antara stabilitas ikatan C=N dengan potensi aktivitas
antituberkulosis dari senyawa yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga
tahap utama. Tahap pertama, reaksi esterifikasi antara asam benzoat dan dimetil
karbonat (DMC) menggunakan katalis basa kalium karbonat (K?CO?) dalam pelarut
dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) untuk menghasilkan metil benzoat. Tahap kedua melibatkan
reaksi amidasi antara metil benzoat dan hidrazin monohidrat untuk memperoleh
benzohidrazida sebagai prekursor utama. Tahap ketiga reaksi kondensasi antara
benzohidrazida dengan berbagai aldehida aromatik untuk menghasilkan senyawa
hibrida hidrazida-hidrazon yang tergolong sebagai basa schiff. Masing-masing
produk hasil sintesis dimurnikan melalui kromatografi kolom maupun rekristalisasi
dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, serta GC-MS.
Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aldehida dengan substituen electron-withdrawing group (EWG; –Cl, –Br) memberikan rendemen lebih tinggi (83,80-90,80%) namun menghasilkan ikatan C=N kurang stabil, sedangkan electron-donating group (EDG; –CH?, –OCH?, –(OCH?)?) menurunkan rendemen (68,00-73,40%) namun menghasilkan ikatan C=N lebih stabil, sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan aktivitas antituberkulosis dari senyawa tersebut.
Kata kunci: benzohidrazida,
hidrazon, basa schiff, substituen aromatik.
This study aimed to synthesize hybrid
hydrazide–hydrazone compounds from substituted aromatic aldehydes, investigate
the effect of substituent properties on the stability of the imine (C=N) bond
and the yield of hydrazone formation, and predict the relationship between C=N
bond stability and the potential antituberculosis activity of the resulting
compounds. The study was conducted in three main stages. The first stage
involved the esterification reaction between benzoic acid and DMC using K?CO?
as a catalyst in DMSO to produce methyl benzoate. The second stage was the
amidation reaction between methyl benzoate and hydrazine monohydrate to obtain
benzohydrazide as the main precursor. The third stage was the condensation
reaction between benzohydrazide and various aromatic aldehydes to produce
hybrid hydrazide–hydrazone compounds, classified as Schiff bases. Each
synthesized product was purified by column chromatography or recrystallization
and characterized using FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and GC-MS spectroscopy.
The results indicate that aldehydes bearing EWG (–Cl,
–Br) afford higher yields (83.80-90.80%) but produce less stable C=N bonds,
whereas EDG (–CH?, –OCH?, –(OCH?)?) lead to lower yields (68.00-73.40%) but
result in more stable C=N bonds. Higher imine bond stability increases the
electron density on the nitrogen atom and facilitates electron pair transfer to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzymes, thereby potentially enhancing the
antitubercular activity of the compounds.
Keywords: benzohydrazide,
hydrazone, schiff base, aromatic substituent.
Kata Kunci : Keywords: benzohydrazide, hydrazone, schiff base, aromatic substituent.