Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Flavonoid Glycosides from Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): Development, Validation, and Application to Different Drying Methods

Amirah Ulfah, Dr. Widiastuti Setyaningsih, S.T.P., M.Sc.; Prof. Miguel Palma Lovillo

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) dikenal luas karena nilai terapeutik dan nutrisinya, yang terutama berasal dari kandungan flavonoid glikosida dengan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Untuk memperoleh metode analisis yang cepat, ramah lingkungan, dan andal, dikembangkan metode ekstraksi berbantu ultrasonik yang dipadukan dengan UPLC-PDA-QDa-MS. Parameter ekstraksi, meliputi konsentrasi pelarut, rasio padatan terhadap pelarut, suhu, dan waktu, yang dioptimasi menggunakan rancangan Box–Behnken, yang menghasilkan kondisi terbaik pada metanol 50%, rasio 0.3:20 (g mL-¹), suhu 30 °C, dan waktu 15 menit. Metode ini menunjukkan linearitas yang sangat baik (R² > 0.99), presisi (%CV < 11> 90%), serta batas deteksi rendah (LOD < 3>

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is widely recognized for its therapeutic and nutritional value, primarily attributed to flavonoid glycosides with strong antioxidant activities. To establish a rapid, green, and reliable approach for their analysis, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method coupled with UPLC-PDA-QDa-MS was developed, optimized, and validated. The extraction parameters, including solvent concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, temperature, and time, were optimized using Box–Behnken design, yielding the best extraction efficiency at 50% methanol, 0.3:20 (g mL-¹), 30 °C, and 15 min. The method showed excellent linearity (R² > 0.99), precision (%CV < 11> 90%), and low detection limits (LOD < 3>

Kata Kunci : Edible flower, Carthamus tinctorius, hydroxysafflor yellow A, method development, rapid method, total phenolics, antioxidants