Studi Etnobiologi Di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Lantebung Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan

Ni'ma Ainul Fuadi Nurkhalis, Abdul Razaq Chasani, S.Si., M.Si., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem paling produktif yang berperan penting dalam mendukung kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir. Namun, dokumentasi mengenai pemanfaatan keanekaragaman hayati di ekosistem mangrove oleh masyarakat masih terbatas, padahal informasi tersebut penting untuk menjaga kelestarian sumber daya alam dan memahami hubungan antara masyarakat pesisir dengan lingkungannya. Penelitian etnobiologi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keanekaragaman flora dan fauna mangrove berdasarkan pengetahuan dan pemanfaatan masyarakat, menganalisis pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai keanekaragaman hayati, serta menganalisis pemanfaatan sumber daya hayati sebagai bentuk konservasi berbasis kearifan lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang didukung analisis kuantitatif menggunakan indeks etnobiologi, yaitu Use Value, Plant Part Value, Fidelity Level, Informant Consensus Factor, dan Relative Frequency of Citation. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan dokumentasi terhadap 41 informan yang dipilih secara sengaja (purposive sampling). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 30 spesies yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat, terdiri atas lima spesies flora dan 25 spesies fauna. Spesies dominan meliputi Rhizophora mucronata dan Portunus pelagicus. Faktor sosiodemografis seperti jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan mempengaruhi variasi pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan mangrove. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem mangrove Lantebung memiliki sistem sosial-ekologis yang memperlihatkan keterpaduan antara pengetahuan tradisional, praktik pemanfaatan, dan konservasi berbasis kearifan lokal dan komunitas.

Mangroves are one of the most productive ecosystems that play an important role in supporting the livelihoods and well-being of coastal communities. However, documentation of how local people utilize mangrove biodiversity remains limited, even though such information is essential for sustaining natural resources and understanding the relationship between communities and their surrounding ecosystems. This ethnobiological study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of mangrove flora and fauna based on local knowledge and utilization, examine the level of community knowledge of biodiversity, and assess the use of biological resources as a form of conservation rooted in local wisdom. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach supported by quantitative ethnobiological indices, including Use Value, Plant Part Value, Fidelity Level, Informant Consensus Factor, and Relative Frequency of Citation. Data were collected through field observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving 41 purposively selected informants. The results identified 30 species utilized by the local community, consisting of five plant species and 25 animal species. The dominant species included Rhizophora mucronata and Portunus pelagicus. Social-demographic factors such as gender, age, education, and occupation influenced the variation in local knowledge and utilization practices. This study concludes that the Lantebung mangrove ecosystem represents a socio-ecological system that reflects the integration of traditional knowledge, resource utilization, and conservation practices based on local wisdom and community. 

Kata Kunci : Etnobiologi, Mangrove, Kearifan Lokal, Konservasi, Lantebung