City of Mothering: Cerita Para Ibu Tentang Ruang, Infrastruktur, dan Kehidupan Sehari-hari di Distrik ‘ Ramah Keluarga’ Rieselfeld, Freiburg

Bianca Bakhitaprillia Rahmavisya, Dr. Realisa Darathea Masardi, S.Ant., M.A.

2025 | Skripsi | ANTROPOLOGI BUDAYA

Perencanaan kota modern kerap mengabaikan kebutuhan ibu, sehingga memperberat pekerjaan perawatan yang mereka jalankan. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana perencanaan kota berorientasi keluarga di Distrik Rieselfeld, Freiburg, memengaruhi pengalaman keseharian para ibu. Tujuannya adalah mengidentifikasi faktor pendorong keputusan tinggal serta mengevaluasi apakah Rieselfeld dapat dikategorikan sebagai kawasan “ramah ibu”.

 

Dengan pendekatan etnografi melalui observasi partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam terhadap sembilan ibu selama 50 hari, penelitian ini menggunakan teori Residential Choices (Natalia Cosacov) untuk memahami keputusan tinggal, serta Feminist City (Leslie Kern) untuk menilai keramahan kota bagi ibu.

 

Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan tinggal di Rieselfeld dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi kendala makro (pasar perumahan Freiburg yang ketat dan mahal) dan kebutuhan mikro (ruang hunian yang lebih besar seiring perubahan siklus hidup, terutama kelahiran anak). Rieselfeld terbukti mendukung keringanan care work melalui infrastruktur yang berintegrasi. Namun, keberhasilan ini juga memicu gentrifikasi yang meningkatkan eksklusivitas kawasan, sehingga menimbulkan persoalan keadilan ekonomi.

Modern urban planning often overlooks the needs of mothers, thereby compounding the burden of care work they perform. This research analyzes how family-oriented urban planning in the Rieselfeld District, Freiburg, affects the daily experiences of mothers. Its objectives are to identify the factors driving their decision to live there and to evaluate the extent to which Rieselfeld can be categorized as a "mother-friendly" area.

 

Using an ethnographic approach, data was collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with nine mothers for 50 days. This study employs Residential Choices theory (Natalia Cosacov) to understand residential decisions and Feminist City theory (Leslie Kern) to evaluate the district's mother-friendliness.

 

The findings indicate that the decision to live in Rieselfeld is driven by a combination of macro-constraints (Freiburg's tight and expensive housing market) and micro-needs (the need for larger living space following life-cycle changes, particularly childbirth). Rieselfeld was found to alleviate the burden of care work through its integrated infrastructure. However, this success has also triggered gentrifikasi, enhancing the district's exclusivity and thereby raising issues of economic justice.

Kata Kunci : kota ramah ibu, care work, perencanaan kota, rieselfeld, pilihan tempat tinggal