PEMENUHAN HAK ATAS PENERJEMAH BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS SENSORIK OLEH LEMBAGA PENEGAK HUKUM DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Retno Ayu Tri Wahyuni, Dr. Dra. Dani Krisnawati, S.H., M.Hum

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis upaya lembaga penegak hukum dalam pemenuhan hak atas penerjemah bagi penyandang disabilitas sensorik pada Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan tantangan lembaga penegak hukum dalam penmenuhan hak atas penerjemah bagi penyandang disabilitas sensorik pada Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatifempiris. Data diperoleh melalui studi literatur, dan wawancara dengan narasumber dan responden yaitu penyidik, jaksa, hakim, akademisi, dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat pemerhati Penyandang Disabilitas.

Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan 2 (dua) kesimpulan utama. Pertama, upaya lembaga penegak hukum dalam pemenuhan hak atas penerjemah bagi penyandang disabilitas sensorik pada Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menunjukkan disparitas signifikan di seluruh rantai peradilan. Pengadilan Negeri di DIY berada di posisi terdepan berkat MoU formal dengan LSM dan inovasi prosedural (loket prioritas). Kejaksaan Negeri di DIY menempati posisi menengah dengan formalisasi kemitraan. Sebaliknya, Polda DIY berada di posisi terbawah, dengan layanan yang didominasi oleh mekanisme informal, ad hoc, dan pro bono, menyebabkan ketidakpastian layanan dan kegagalan menjamin akses keadilan secara konsisten di tahap awal proses hukum. Kedua, tantangan dalam pelaksanaan pemenuhan hak atas penerjemah bagi penyandang disabilitas sensorik pada Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta bersifat struktural dan sistemik, dengan ketiadaan alokasi anggaran khusus (DIPA) sebagai akar masalah sentral. Krisis finansial ini memaksa lembaga penegak hukum mengandalkan praktik pro bono sebagai pengalihan tanggung jawab pendanaan negara dan menghambat pelatihan berkelanjutan serta perekrutan penerjemah bersertifikat. Secara keseluruhan, kondisi ini menempatkan implementasi di DIY dalam status "Mandat Kuat, Sumber Daya Nol," karena komitmen normatif tidak didukung secara finansial oleh penguasa, sehingga upaya inklusif bersifat reaktif dan tidak berkelanjutan.

This study aims to analyze the efforts of law enforcement agencies in fulfilling the right to interpreters for persons with sensory disabilities in the Criminal Justice System in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and the challenges they face in fulfilling the right to interpreters for persons with sensory disabilities in the Criminal Justice System in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

The research method used is normative-empirical legal research. Data were obtained through literature review and interviews with informants and respondents, including investigators, prosecutors, judges, academics, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with persons with disabilities. 

The results of this study yield two main conclusions. First, the efforts of law enforcement agencies in fulfilling the right to interpreters for persons with sensory disabilities in the Criminal Justice System in the Special Region of Yogyakarta show significant disparities throughout the justice chain. The District Court in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is at the forefront, thanks to formal MoUs with NGOs and procedural innovations (priority counters). The District Attorney's Office in the Special Region of Yogyakarta occupies an intermediate position thanks to formalized partnerships. In contrast, the Yogyakarta Regional Police (Polda Yogyakarta) is at the bottom of the list, with services dominated by informal, ad hoc, and pro bono mechanisms, leading to service uncertainty and a failure to consistently guarantee access to justice in the early stages of the legal process. Second, the challenges in fulfilling the right to interpreters for people with sensory disabilities in the Criminal Justice System in the Special Region of Yogyakarta are structural and systemic, with the lack of a special budget allocation (DIPA) as a central root cause. This financial crisis forces law enforcement agencies to rely on pro bono practices as a diversion of state funding responsibilities and hinders the ongoing training and recruitment of certified interpreters. Overall, this situation places implementation in Yogyakarta in a state of "Strong Mandate, Zero Resources," as normative commitments are not financially supported by the authorities, making inclusive efforts reactive and unsustainable.

Kata Kunci : Lembaga Penegak Hukum, Penerjemah, Penyandang Disabilitas Sensorik, Sistem Peradilan Pidana