Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pajanan Debu Respirabel dan Debu Silika Kristalin pada Pekerja Pabrik Pengolahan Bijih Mineral

Arif Susanto, Dr. Ir. Nurulia Hidayah, S.Pt., M.P., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2025 | Tesis | MAGISTER TERAPAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA

Nilai ambang batas (NAB) untuk debu respirabel dan silika kristalin masing-masing sebesar 3 mg/m³ dan 0,025 mg/m³. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kadar debu respirabel dan debu silika kristalin, mengevaluasi potensi bahayanya, serta menganalisis risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan terhadap pekerja di Divisi Concentrating PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI). Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan survei dengan desain cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada Juli hingga September 2025. Subjek penelitian adalah 1.500 pekerja, dengan sampel sebanyak 30 partisipan yang ditentukan berdasarkan metode Similar Exposure Groups (SEGs) dan perhitungan dari NIOSH Technical Appendix A dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.

Pengukuran debu dilakukan menggunakan personal sampling pump Sensidyne Gilian GilAir Plus dengan laju aliran 1,7 liter per menit, respirable sampler holder berisi filter MCE, dan cyclone aluminium SKC. Kalibrasi alat dilakukan menggunakan BIOS Defender. Kadar debu respirabel dianalisis secara gravimetri, sedangkan kadar silika kristalin dianalisis menggunakan metode X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Data dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak IHSTAT™ dari AIHA untuk memperoleh nilai statistik seperti Mean, Geometric Mean, MVUE, Land’s Exact UCL1,95%, dan UTL95%.

Hasil menunjukkan nilai exceedance fraction debu respirabel sebesar 0,383, mengindikasikan pajanan sedang karena melebihi 5% tetapi kurang dari 50% NAB. Sebaliknya, nilai exceedance fraction debu silika kristalin sebesar 0,00 menunjukkan pajanan rendah. Nilai CDI debu respirabel meningkat seiring waktu kerja, tetapi RQ tetap <1>

The threshold limit values (TLVs) for respirable dust and crystalline silica are 3 mg/m³ and 0.025 mg/m³, respectively. This study aims to identify the concentration levels of respirable dust and crystalline silica, assess their potential hazards, and analyze the health risks of exposure among workers in the Concentrating Division of PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI). This quantitative research uses a survey approach with a cross-sectional design, conducted from July to September 2025. The study population consists of 1,500 workers, with a sample of 30 participants selected using the Similar Exposure Groups (SEGs) method and calculated based on NIOSH Technical Appendix A with a 95% confidence level.

Dust measurements were conducted using the Sensidyne Gilian GilAir Plus personal sampling pump at a flow rate of 1.7 liters per minute, equipped with a respirable sampler holder containing MCE filters and an SKC aluminum cyclone. Calibration was performed using the BIOS Defender. Respirable dust concentrations were analyzed using gravimetric methods, while crystalline silica concentrations were determined through X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Data analysis was performed using IHSTAT™ software from AIHA to obtain statistical values such as Mean, Geometric Mean, MVUE, Land’s Exact UCL1.95%, and UTL95%.

The exceedance fraction for respirable dust was 0.383, indicating moderate exposure as it exceeds 5% but remains below 50% of the TLV. In contrast, the exceedance fraction for crystalline silica was 0.00, indicating low exposure. The CDI for respirable dust increases with work duration, although the RQ remains <1>

Kata Kunci : Analisis pajanan, Analisis dosis respon, Debu respirabel, Debu silika kristalin, Karakterisasi risiko