KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR TERPRODUKSI UNTUK REDUKSI BEBAN PENCEMAR SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN RISIKO BAHAYA LINGKUNGAN DAN K3 DI PT XYZ

Teguh Santoso, Ir. Rochim Bakti Cahyono, ST., M.Sc. Ph.D., IPM

2025 | Tesis | MAGISTER TERAPAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA

Air terproduksi merupakan limbah utama dalam kegiatan eksplorasi dan produksi minyak dan gas bumi yang mengandung senyawa organik, anorganik, serta gas terlarut seperti hidrogen sulfida (H?S), amonia (NH?–N), fenol, dan minyak serta lemak (O&G). Apabila tidak diolah dengan baik, air terproduksi berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan dan risiko keselamatan serta kesehatan kerja (K3). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, mengembangkan, dan mengevaluasi sistem pengolahan air terproduksi berbasis teknologi hybrid yang mengintegrasikan proses fisika, kimia, dan biologi pada instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) di fasilitas hulu migas PT XYZ, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat.
Metodologi penelitian ini meliputi observasi lapangan, pengambilan sampel, analisis laboratorium, serta uji coba sistem pada skala pilot plant. Parameter utama yang dianalisis meliputi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), fenol total, amonia (NH?–N), sulfida (H?S), serta minyak dan lemak (O&G). Data hasil penelitian dibandingkan dengan baku mutu limbah cair kegiatan minyak dan gas bumi sesuai Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 19 Tahun 2010 dan Peraturan Menteri LHK No. 5 Tahun 2021. Evaluasi kinerja sistem dilakukan melalui perhitungan efisiensi reduksi, kesesuaian dengan regulasi, serta analisis risiko terhadap aspek K3.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem hybrid mampu menurunkan beban pencemar secara signifikan. Efisiensi penurunan masing-masing parameter adalah: COD sebesar 89,4%, fenol 92,7%, amonia 86,3%, sulfida 93,2%, dan minyak serta lemak 92,1%. Setelah pengolahan, seluruh parameter telah memenuhi baku mutu lingkungan dan aman untuk dibuang atau digunakan kembali sebagai air proses. Dari aspek K3, sistem ini juga berhasil menurunkan konsentrasi gas H?S di area kerja hingga di bawah ambang batas paparan (<10>Kesimpulannya, penerapan sistem pengolahan air terproduksi berbasis teknologi hybrid (fisika–kimia–biologi) terbukti efektif, efisien, dan berkelanjutan dalam menurunkan kadar pencemar utama sekaligus memperkuat upaya pencegahan risiko lingkungan dan keselamatan kerja di industri migas. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi ilmiah bagi pengembangan sistem IPAL hulu migas yang ramah lingkungan, serta menjadi model penerapan teknologi pengolahan limbah terintegrasi pada fasilitas produksi minyak dan gas di Indonesia.


Kata kunci: Air terproduksi, teknologi hybrid, IPAL, COD, H?S, amonia, fenol, K3, industri migas, PT XYZ.

Produced water is the main waste generated from oil and gas exploration and production activities. It contains organic and inorganic compounds as well as dissolved gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H?S), ammonia (NH?–N), phenol, and oil and grease (O&G). If not properly treated, produced water can cause environmental pollution and pose occupational health and safety (OHS) risks. This study aims to design, develop, and evaluate a produced water treatment system based on hybrid technology that integrates physical, chemical, and biological processes within the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at the upstream oil and gas facility of PT XYZ, Indramayu, West Java.
The research methodology includes field observation, sampling, laboratory analysis, and pilot plant testing. The main parameters analyzed were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total phenol, ammonia (NH?–N), sulfide (H?S), and oil and grease (O&G). The data obtained were compared with the effluent quality standards for oil and gas activities regulated under the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 19 of 2010 and Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 5 of 2021. The system performance was evaluated through reduction efficiency, compliance with environmental standards, and occupational safety risk assessment.
The results showed that the hybrid system significantly reduced pollutant loads. The removal efficiencies for each parameter were: COD 89.4%, phenol 92.7%, ammonia 86.3%, sulfide 93.2%, and oil and grease 92.1%. After treatment, all parameters met the environmental quality standards and were safe for reuse or discharge. From an OHS perspective, the system effectively reduced H?S gas concentrations in the working area to below the exposure limit (<10>In conclusion, the implementation of a hybrid (physical–chemical–biological) produced water treatment system proved to be effective, efficient, and sustainable in reducing major pollutants while enhancing environmental protection and occupational safety in the oil and gas industry. This study contributes scientifically to the development of environmentally friendly WWTP systems for upstream oil and gas operations and serves as a model for integrated wastewater treatment technology in Indonesia

Kata Kunci : Air terproduksi, teknologi hybrid, IPAL, COD, H?S, amonia, fenol, K3, industri migas, PT XYZ.