Optimasi proses produksi minyak Adas (Foeniculum vulgare) dengan cara destilasi uap dan air dan penggunaan produk yang diperoleh dalam formulasi sediaan minyak telon

GIMAN, Dr. Suwijiyo Pramono, DEA.,Apt

2005 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin (Magister Sistem Teknik)

Tanaman adas tumbuh di seluruh tanah air Indonesia terutama di dataran tinggi, Kec. Cepogo, Kabupaten Boyolali merupakan daerah penghasil adas, namun para petani masih menjual adas dalam bentuk buah kering dan belum dalam bentuk minyak adas. Penduduk Cepogo telah mencoba mendestilasi dengan uap dan air, hasilnya kurang efektif karena minyak yang dihasilkan hanya 1%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : a) membandingkan unjuk kerja paralatan yang diisi simplisia buah adas didestilasi dengan tinggi tumpukan yang berbeda, b) mengetahui apakah perbedaan model peralatan tabung destilasi mempengaruhi kualitas minyak yang dihasilkan, c) mengetahui penerimaan responden terhadap formulasi minyak telon dari minyak adas hasil proses penelitian. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan pembuataan alat destilasi tiga model, penyiapan simplisia buah adas kering, mengukur susut pengeringan simplisia, menginstal alat dan melaksanakan penyulingan. Simplisia didestilasi dengan tinggi tumpukan dan rongga udara yang berbeda dari ketiga alat, setiap alat mendestilasi dengan tiga replikasi sehingga diperoleh sembilan data minyak adas. Selanjutnya diukur berat minyak, kadar air, BJ, rendemen, daan meracik formulasi minyak telon. Data rendemen, kadar air, BJ dan kadar anetol kromatografi gas, sedangkan uji GC-MS untuk mengetahui komponeen penyusun minyaknya. Hasil uji kuantitas menunjukkan rendemen rerata minyak adas hasil destilasi alat 1 dan alat 2 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata, tetapi pada alat 3 berbeda secara signifikan terhadap alat 2. Uji kualitas menunjukkan bahwa prosentase kadar anetol rerata minyak adas dari ketiga alat tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kualitas minyak yang dihasilkan. Uji GC-MS menunjukkan dari enam puncak yang diukur terdapat satu kandungan minyak yang mirip atau relatife sama dengan referensi yaitu alpha-pinene=2,01%, champene=0,22%, lemonene=3,47%, fenchone=20,65, methyl chavicol=29,79%, trans-anethol=39,42 %. Uji minyak telon menunjukkan bahwa formulasi D dengan komposisi minyak kayu putih 50%, minyak adas 30% dan minyak lemak 20%, yang paling banyak diminati oleh responden dengan prosentase pilihan kehangatan 77%, aroma 60% dan warna 60%.

Foeniculum vulgare grows in all area of Indonesia especially in highland area. Cepogo sub district in Boyolali Regency was one of anise producer area. Cepogo farmers sell anise form of dried fruit and they still incapable to sell it as anise oil. They have tried to distillate with steam and water but the result is still ineffective with 1% of oil. The aims of this research were: a) comparing the work of equipments which were filled with anise fruit with stacks of different height, b) finding out whether the differentiation of distillation tube models could effect the quality of resulted oil, c) finding out respondent acceptance about telon oil formulation of anise oil resulted from distillation process. This research was held by making 3 models of distillation equipment, preparing dried anise fruit, measuring the lost of drying, installing equipments and implementing the distillation. Anise fruit was distillated by different height and air cavity of 3 equipments with three replications. The oil weight, water content of anise fruit, density, rendement and anethol content were measured and were analysed statistically using one way anova. The distillated oil was then formulated as telon oil, GC-MS was also carried out in order to find out the component of oil. The result showed that average weights of anise oil resulted from distillation, equipment 1=12.369 gram and equipment 2=10.483 gram, and there was no significant difference, but there was a significant difference between equipment 3=19.995 gram and equipment 2. Quality test based on GC test indicated that there was no significant difference in the percentage of average anethol level in anise oil from the three equipments. GC-MC test showed that from 6 bigest peaks one compound was similar to the reference i.e. alpha-pinene=2.01%, champene=0.22%, lemonene=3.47%, fenchone=20.65%, methyl chavicol=29.79%, trans-anethol=39.42%. Telon oil test showed that D formulation (Oleum Cajuput 50%, Oleum Anis 30%, Oleum Cocos 20%) was the most chosen by respondent .

Kata Kunci : Teknik Mesin,Distilasi Uap dan Air,Minyak Adas,Minyak Telon, Distillation, anise oil and telon oil