Aplikasi asap cair untuk pengawetan koagulum lateks sebagai bahan baku Crepe :: Aspek teknis dan finansial

RUDMAN, Kaharap, Dr.Ir. Purnama Darmadji, M.Sc

2005 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan

Cangkang sawit merupakan salah satu limbah industri minyak sawit. Limbah ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pembuatan asap cair. Asap cair diketahui mengandung senyawa fenol, karbonil dan asam organik yang dapat berfungsi sebagai koagulan, antimikrobia, dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik penggunaan asap cair sebagai pengawet koagulum lateks untuk bahan baku crepe. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengujian sifat fisik penggunaan asap cair sebagai koagulan lateks pada berbagai variasi rasio asam formiat dan asap cair, kemudian hasil yang baik dibanding dengan koagulum lateks menggunakan asam formiat dengan parameter pengamatan meliputi: waktu koagulasi, tekstur, jamur, bau, dan warna, permukaan, dan pengujian vulkanisat meliputi: PRI, tegangan putus, perpanjangan putus dan kekerasan. Sedangkan parameter aspek finansial: NPV, IRR, PI, PP, BEP dan analisis sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu koagulasi paling cepat pada formulasi asam formiat saja, makin besar konsentrasi asap cair waktu koagulasi makin lama dibanding asam formiat, dengan permukaan agak licin; tekstur rata-rata agak keras; sedangkan pertumbuhan jamur dan bau makin berkurang, warna kurang cerah. Pada vulkanisat hasil uji PRI memenuhi kategori SIR I, tegangan putus, perpanjangan putus dan kekerasan cukup bagus dengan penggunaan asap cair. Ditinjau dari aspek finansial penggunaan asap cair nilai NPV Rp.903.865.656,00; IRR 27%; PP 5 tahun 7 bulan; PI 1,36; BEP 12%; sedangkan penggunaan asam formiat nilai NPV Rp.816.457.255,00; IRR 26%; PP 6 tahun 1 bulan; PI 1,32; BEP 13% . Harga bahan baku lateks dan harga produk sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan kelayakan usaha.

Cangkang sawit is an industrial waste of palm oil. This waste can be used for making the liquid smoke. The liquid smoke is found to contain phenol, carbonyl, and organic acid compounds, which can function as coagulant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. This research was to examine best concentration of liquid smoke usage as latex coagulant preservation for crepe raw materials. This research was started by testing physical properties of liquid smoke usage as latex coagulant in various ratio variations, then the best results were compared with latex coagulant using formiat acid with the following observation parameters: time of coagulation, textures, fungi, odor, color, surface, and the following vulcanisat tests: PRI, elongation at break, tensile strength, and hardness. Whereas, financial aspect parameters include: NPV, IRR, PI, PP, BEP and sensitivity analysis. The results of research indicated that time of coagulation was fast in formulation of formiat acid, higher concentration of liquid smoke, longer coagulation time than formiat acid, surface was rather slippery, average texture was rather hard; whereas, growth of fungi and odor was lesser, color was less bright. In vulcanisat of test results of PRI met SIR I category; elongation at break, tensile strength and hardness were sufficiently good in using the liquid smoke. In terms of financial aspects, the liquid smoke usage of NPV value was as much as Rp.903,865,656.00; IRR as much as 27%, PP for 5 years and 7 months; PI as much as 1.36; BEP as much as 12%; whereas, use of formiat acid had NPV value as much as Rp.816,457,255.00; IRR as much as 26%; PP for 6 years and 1 month; PI as much as 1.32; BEP as much as 13%. Prices of latex raw materials and products were very sensitive to changes in business feasibility.

Kata Kunci : Pengawetan Koagulum Lateks,Asap Cair,Bahan Baku Crepe, Cangkang sawit, liquid smoke, crepe