ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DAN KELAYAKAN INVESTASI PADA PETERNAKAN AYAM BROILER SISTEM OPEN DAN SISTEM SEMI CLOSE

Afrido, Ir. Agus Darmawan. S.T., M.S., Ph. D., IPM

2025 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Industri

Industri peternakan ayam broiler di Indonesia memiliki peran penting sebagai penyedia protein hewani bagi masyarakat, namun peningkatan populasi ayam juga menimbulkan tantangan berupa tingginya konsumsi energi, emisi gas rumah kaca, serta limbah padat dan cair yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan dampak lingkungan dan kelayakan usaha antara sistem kandang open dan semi close. Metode yang digunakan adalah Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan pendekatan cradle to gate menggunakan perangkat lunak SimaPro 9.6 serta metode ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) untuk menilai dampak lingkungan, dan Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) untuk mengukur kelayakan finansial melalui indikator R/C ratio, B/C ratio, Break Even Point (BEP), dan Return on Investment (ROI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada analisis LCA, sistem semi close menghasilkan dampak lingkungan lebih rendah dibandingkan sistem open pada sebagian besar kategori, dengan nilai single score sebesar 1,94 Pt, lebih baik dibandingkan sistem open yang mencapai 2,75 Pt. Dari sisi kelayakan usaha, sistem semi close lebih unggul dengan nilai ROI sebesar 8,92%, B/C ratio 1,09, dan BEP produksi 0,92, sedangkan sistem open hanya mencapai ROI 2,63%, B/C ratio 1,03, dan BEP produksi 0,97. Selain itu, tingkat mortalitas pada sistem semi close lebih rendah (3,96%) dibandingkan sistem open (8,45%), yang berdampak pada peningkatan produktivitas dan penerimaan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun biaya produksi pada sistem semi close sedikit lebih tinggi, sistem ini lebih efisien, menguntungkan, serta ramah lingkungan dibandingkan sistem open. Oleh karena itu, penerapan sistem semi close direkomendasikan sebagai alternatif berkelanjutan dalam usaha peternakan ayam broiler di Indonesia. 

The broiler chicken farming industry in Indonesia plays a vital role in providing animal protein for the community. However, the increasing chicken population also poses challenges in the form of high energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and solid and liquid waste that have the potential to pollute the environment. This study aims to analyze the environmental impacts and business feasibility of open and semi close systems. The methods used were a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with a cradle-to-gate approach using SimaPro 9.6 software and the ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) method to assess environmental impacts, and a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) to measure financial feasibility using the R/C ratio, B/C ratio, Break Even Point (BEP), and Return on Investment (ROI) indicators. The results showed that in the LCA analysis, the semi close system resulted in a lower environmental impact than the open system in most categories, with a single score of 1.94 Pt, better than the open system, which reached 2.75 Pt. In terms of business feasibility, the semiclose system was superior, with an ROI of 8.92%, a B/C ratio of 1.09, and a production breakeven point average (BEP) of 0.92, while the open system only achieved an ROI of 2.63%, a B/C ratio of 1.03, and a production break-even point average (BEP) of 0.97. Furthermore, the mortality rate in the semi-close system was lower (3.96%) than in the open system (8.45%), resulting in increased productivity and revenue. Overall, this study concluded that although production costs in the semi-close system were slightly higher, this system was more efficient, profitable, and environmentally friendly than the open system. Therefore, the implementation of the semi-close system is recommended as a sustainable alternative for broiler chicken farming in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : ayam broiler, life cycle assessment (LCA), cost benefit analysis (CBA), open, semi close, kelayakan usaha.