Evaluasi Seismik Bangunan Rumah Sakit dengan Sistem Dinding Geser Satu Arah

Maritza Syifa Syahira, Prof. Ir. Iman Satyarno, M.E., Ph.D. ; Dr.- Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo

2025 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil

Bangunan rumah sakit yang dikaji merupakan struktur beton bertulang 5 lantai, Kategori Risiko IV, yang pada saat perencanaan awal mengacu SNI 2847:2002 dan SNI 1726:2002. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kesesuaian bangunan terhadap SNI 2847:2019 dan SNI 1726:2019, sekaligus menilai kinerja seismik bangunan. Sistem penahan gaya lateral didominasi dinding geser satu arah, yang menjadi aspek penting untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut mengingat potensi ketidakseimbangan kekakuan antar arah. Tujuan evaluasi adalah menilai kesesuaian dimensi, detailing, dan kecukupan kapasitas elemen utama (balok, kolom, sambungan balok–kolom, dan dinding geser) terhadap kedua standar tersebut serta target kinerja seismik.

Proses dimulai dengan pemeriksaan dimensi dan pendetailan tulangan berdasarkan SNI 2847:2019, serta pemeriksaan kapasitas terhadap demand (lentur dan geser) beracuan SNI 1726:2019. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi berbasis kinerja mengacu ASCE 41-17, meliputi Tier 1 screening untuk komponen struktural dan nonstruktural, serta Tier 3 Linear Dynamic Procedure menggunakan ETABS melalui Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) dan Linear Time History Analysis (LTHA). Penerimaan kinerja dinilai dengan Deformation-Controlled Action (DCA) dan Force-Controlled Action (FCA) pada tingkat bahaya BSE-1E (Immediate Occupancy) dan BSE-2E (Life Safety).

Hasil evaluasi berdasarkan SNI 2847:2019 menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian paling banyak pada balok dan ring balok pada aspek dimensi dan detailing serta pada detailing kolom, sedangkan dinding geser memenuhi. Evaluasi kapasitas terhadap demand yang mengacu SNI 2847:2019 dan SNI 1726:2019 menegaskan kelemahan utama pada lentur balok di tumpuan, sebagian kapasitas lentur kolom, geser kolom di tumpuan, serta geser pada joint, sementara dinding geser konsisten memadai. Evaluasi Tier 1 screening menurut ASCE 41-17 menunjukkan konfigurasi struktural umumnya Compliant dan komponen nonstruktural kritikal memadai, meskipun beberapa item masih berstatus Not Applicable atau Unknown sehingga memerlukan data tambahan. Evaluasi Tier 3 Linear Dynamic Procedure mengacu ASCE 41-17 dilakukan melalui analisis RSA dan LTHA. Analisis tersebut mengindikasikan proporsi elemen yang tidak memenuhi kriteria penerimaan sebagai berikut. Balok pada DCA dengan LTHA menunjukkan 6,58% pada BSE-1E dan 4,44% pada BSE-2E, sedangkan FCA balok bernilai 0% pada seluruh skenario. Kolom pada DCA dengan RSA mencapai 57,78% pada BSE-1E dan 77,69% pada BSE-2E, sedangkan dengan LTHA sebesar 75,81% pada BSE-1E dan 77,01% pada BSE-2E. Pada FCA, kolom dengan RSA sebesar 22,56% pada BSE-1E, sedangkan dengan LTHA sebesar 50,09% pada BSE-1E dan 54,70% pada BSE-2E. Dinding geser baik pada DCA maupun FCA dengan RSA maupun LTHA menunjukkan 0% pada BSE-1E dan BSE-2E. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kegagalan pencapaian kinerja global dikendalikan oleh kolom, sedangkan dinding geser satu arah konsisten memenuhi kriteria pada seluruh kombinasi analisis, sehingga target Immediate Occupancy pada BSE-1E dan Life Safety pada BSE-2E belum tercapai.

Kata kunci: Evaluasi seismik, Rumah sakit, Tier 1, Tier 3, Prosedur linear dinamik. 

The hospital building under study is a five-story reinforced concrete structure, Risk Category IV, which at the time of its initial design referred to SNI 2847:2002 and SNI 1726:2002. This research evaluates the compliance of the building with SNI 2847:2019 and SNI 1726:2019, while also assessing its seismic performance. The lateral force-resisting system is predominantly a one-way shear wall, which is an important aspect to be analyzed further due to the potential imbalance of stiffness between directions. The aim of this study is to assess the compliance of dimensions, reinforcement detailing, and the adequacy of the main structural elements (beams, columns, beam–column joints, and shear walls) with the two standards and the intended seismic performance objectives.

The process began with an evaluation of dimensions and reinforcement detailing in accordance with SNI 2847:2019, as well as an evaluation of flexural and shear capacity against demand based on SNI 1726:2019. Performance-based evaluation was then conducted following ASCE 41-17, including Tier 1 screening for structural and nonstructural components and Tier 3 Linear Dynamic Procedure using ETABS through Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) and Linear Time History Analysis (LTHA). Performance acceptance was assessed using Deformation-Controlled Action (DCA) and Force-Controlled Action (FCA) at hazard levels BSE-1E (Immediate Occupancy) and BSE-2E (Life Safety).

The evaluation results based on SNI 2847:2019 revealed that most deficiencies occurred in beams and spandrel beams, both in dimensions and detailing, as well as in column detailing, while the shear walls were compliant. The capacity evaluation against demand referring to SNI 2847:2019 and SNI 1726:2019 indicated major weaknesses in negative flexural capacity of beams at supports, partial deficiencies in column flexural capacity, shear deficiencies in columns at supports, and inadequate shear strength of joints, while shear walls consistently satisfied requirements. The Tier 1 screening under ASCE 41-17 showed that structural configurations were generally Compliant and critical nonstructural components were adequate, although some items remained Not Applicable or Unknown and required additional data. The Tier 3 Linear Dynamic Procedure under ASCE 41-17, conducted through RSA and LTHA, indicated the following proportions of elements that did not meet acceptance criteria. Beams in DCA with LTHA showed 6.58% at BSE-1E and 4.44% at BSE-2E, while FCA beams were 0% in all scenarios. Columns in DCA with RSA reached 57.78% at BSE-1E and 77.69% at BSE-2E, and with LTHA were 75.81% at BSE-1E and 77.01% at BSE-2E. In FCA, columns with RSA reached 22.56% at BSE-1E, while with LTHA were 50.09% at BSE-1E and 54.70% at BSE-2E. Shear walls in both DCA and FCA with RSA and LTHA consistently showed 0% at BSE-1E and BSE-2E. These findings confirm that the failure to achieve global performance objectives is governed by columns, while the one-way shear walls consistently satisfied all criteria, leading to the conclusion that the targets of Immediate Occupancy (BSE-1E) and Life Safety (BSE-2E) were not achieved.

Keywords: Seismic evaluation, Hospital, Tier 1, Tier 3, Linear dynamic procedure.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi seismik, Rumah sakit, Tier 1, Tier 3, Prosedur linear dinamik.