STUDI SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK KOMPOSIT SERAT DAUN PALEM (LIVISTONA ROTUNDIFOLIA) DENGAN MATRIKS EPOXY RESIN

Aminur, Ir. R. Soekrisno, MSME, Ph.D

2011 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin

Composite of cellulose based of palm fiber (Livistona rotundifolia) have the opportunity to be developed in Indonesia because it has high fiber content in the leaves. Palm leaf fiber are obtained by dekortikasi handtools. The research was conducted along with the target of FAO i.e. IYNF 2009 for rapid advancement of the use of natural fiber. To get better physical and mechanical properties of the palm leaf fibers it is necessary to treat using alkali (NaOH), to remove impuritis that have poor mechanical properties as wax, oil, pectin, lignin and so forth, to make fiber more hidrophobic. In NaOH solution of 0, 2, 4, 3; 3.5, 5%, palm leaf fiber were soaking for 1, 2, 3 hours. Wettability of fiber and matrix were tested using contact angle that obtained by dropping the matrix on the fiber without NaOH treatment and fibers with 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 1, 2, 3 hours. To determine the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) a pull-out test were conducted the pull-out test is made by bonding the fiber in a matrix with embedded of fiber length of 1, 2; 3; 4 mm for fiber without NaOH treatment and fibers with 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 1, 2, 3 hours and of fiber with 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 1, 2, 3 hours. Composites were made using volume fraction of fiber 21, 35, 51%, by the method of clossed pressing for fiber treated with 3.5% NaOH and soaking time 1 hours. Matrix was made of a mixture of epoxy resin and epoxy hardener with a ratio of 1:1. The treatment with NaOH give the highest single fiber tensile strength of 389 MPa at 3.5% NaOH with soaking time 1 hours. Fiber-matrix contact angle was 410. In fiber without NaOH treatment and the lowest contact angles was 290 at 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 2 hours. Pull-out test give the highest IFSS 12 MPa, with a critical length of 0.75 mm at 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 1 hours. Composite of fiber volume fraction at 51% with a 3.5% NaOH treatment and 1 hour soaking time, significantly improve the mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending, and impact) consecutively 127 MPa; 126 MPa; and 20 kJ/m2.

Composite of cellulose based of palm fiber (Livistona rotundifolia) have the opportunity to be developed in Indonesia because it has high fiber content in the leaves. Palm leaf fiber are obtained by dekortikasi handtools. The research was conducted along with the target of FAO i.e. IYNF 2009 for rapid advancement of the use of natural fiber. To get better physical and mechanical properties of the palm leaf fibers it is necessary to treat using alkali (NaOH), to remove impuritis that have poor mechanical properties as wax, oil, pectin, lignin and so forth, to make fiber more hidrophobic. In NaOH solution of 0, 2, 4, 3; 3.5, 5%, palm leaf fiber were soaking for 1, 2, 3 hours. Wettability of fiber and matrix were tested using contact angle that obtained by dropping the matrix on the fiber without NaOH treatment and fibers with 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 1, 2, 3 hours. To determine the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) a pull-out test were conducted the pull-out test is made by bonding the fiber in a matrix with embedded of fiber length of 1, 2; 3; 4 mm for fiber without NaOH treatment and fibers with 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 1, 2, 3 hours and of fiber with 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 1, 2, 3 hours. Composites were made using volume fraction of fiber 21, 35, 51%, by the method of clossed pressing for fiber treated with 3.5% NaOH and soaking time 1 hours. Matrix was made of a mixture of epoxy resin and epoxy hardener with a ratio of 1:1. The treatment with NaOH give the highest single fiber tensile strength of 389 MPa at 3.5% NaOH with soaking time 1 hours. Fiber-matrix contact angle was 410. In fiber without NaOH treatment and the lowest contact angles was 290 at 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 2 hours. Pull-out test give the highest IFSS 12 MPa, with a critical length of 0.75 mm at 3.5% NaOH treatment with soaking time 1 hours. Composite of fiber volume fraction at 51% with a 3.5% NaOH treatment and 1 hour soaking time, significantly improve the mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending, and impact) consecutively 127 MPa; 126 MPa; and 20 kJ/m2.

Kata Kunci : Livistona rotundifolia fibers, epoxy, NaOH, pull-out, physical and mechanical properties of singel fiber and composite.