Analisis Komponen Ekstraktif dan Bioaktivitas Terhadap Tujuh Spesies Kayu Teras Daun Lebar Tumbuh di Yamagata, Jepang

Rafli Nur Ramadhani, Prof. Dr. Ir. Ganis Lukmandaru, S.Hut., M.Agr., IPU.; Dr. Rizki Arisandi, S.Hut.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Ekstraktif kayu merupakan salah satu agen pencegah maupun pelindung kayu dari organisme perusak kayu. Kayu yang digunakan adalah bagian teras dari tujuh spesies kayu daun lebar di Jepang (Castanea crenata, Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis, Magnolia obovata, Fagus crenata, Quercus sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, dan Prunus jamasakura). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kadar ekstraktif, total fenolat dan flavanol dengan ekstraksi maserasi bertingkat (heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol) terhadap anti jamur (Fomitopsis palustri & Trametes versicolor) dan anti rayap (Reticulitermes speratus). Aktivitas antijamur diuji melalui penghambatan pertumbuhan miselia pengaplikasian ekstrak pada permukaan media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Aktivitas antirayap diuji melalui kehilangan berat dan mortalitas rayap menggunakan metode tanpa pilihan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar ekstraktif paling tinggi didapatkan pada ekstrak metanol kayu teras yamazakura sebesar 15,13%. Nilai kadar total fenolat tertinggi ditunjukkan pada ekstrak metanol kayu teras onigurumi sebesar 514,05 mgGAE/g ekstrak kering. Nilai kadar total flavanol tertinggi ditunjukkan pada ekstrak etil asetat kayu teras onigurumi sebesar 359,56 mgCE/g ekstrak kering. Ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol kayu teras yamazakura masing-masing memiliki aktivitas tertinggi terhadap F. palustris (13,73%) dan T. versicolor (34,02%). Sementara itu, kayu teras hou yang diekstrak pada metanol menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi terhadap R. speratus dengan masing-masing nilai kehilangan berat dan mortalitasnya sebesar 1,65?n 36,67%.

Wood extractives are known to act as protective agents against wood-deteriorating organisms. This study utilized heartwood samples from seven heartwood of hardwood tree species in Japan (Castanea crenata, Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis, Magnolia obovata, Fagus crenata, Quercus sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, and Prunus jamasakura). The aim of study was to determine the extractive, total phenolic and flavanol contents with succesive extraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol), also to evaluate their antifungal activity against Fomitopsis palustris and Trametes versicolor, as well as their anti-termites activity on Reticulitermes speratus. Antifungal activity was performed by applied the extract to the surface of PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Antitermites activity was evaluated using no-choice test method. The highest extractive content was found in the methanol extract of yamazakura heartwood (15.13%). The highest total phenolic and flavanol content was observed in the methanol and ethyl acetate extract of onigurumi heartwood, the values were 514.05 mgGAE/g dried extract and 359.56 mgCE/g dried extract, respectively. Ethyl acetate and methanol extract of yamazakura heartwood showed the highest activity against F. palustris and T. versicolor were 13.73% and 34.02%, respectively. Furthermore, the methanol extract of hou heartwood exhibited the highest antitermites activity, with mass loss and termite mortality values were 1.65% and 36.67%, respectively.

Kata Kunci : Kayu teras, ekstraktif, kuantitatif, GC-MS, aktivitas biologis