Derivasi dan Infleksi Akar Kata Taqwa dalam Al-Qu'anul-Karim Analisis Morfologis dan Semantis

MUHAMMAD MUFTI IMAM SUYANTO, Prof. Dr. Syamsul Hadi, S.U., M.A. dan Prof. Dr. Suhandano, M.A.

2025 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu-ilmu Humaniora

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis kata taqwa dalam Al-Qur’an ditinjau dari perubahan derivasi dan infleksi-nya. Kata taqwa diambil sebagai objek penelitian karena memiliki pola perubahan kata yang signifikan sehingga menghasilkan makna yang bervariasi serta penggunaan katanya paling sering diucapkan oleh dai dan mubalig dalam setiap kesempatan. Dengan alasan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bentuk-bentuk kata taqwa dan makna dalam Al-Qur’an.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan jenis penelitian pustaka. Jenis penelitian pustaka atau study pustaka menjadi metode pengumpulan data dengan cara mengkaji kata dalam Al-Qur’an dan buku-buku tafsir serta tulisan-tulisan terkait. Dalam analisisnya penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif dengan cara mengidentifikasi pola derivasi dan infleksi  perubahan bentuk kata taqwa dan maknanya dalam Al-Qur’an.

Dari hasil analisis penelitian kata taqwa diperoleh tiga hasil penelitian. Pertama, Akar kata taqwa adalah waq? (???) yang terdiri dari tiga huruf yaitu w?w – q?f – y?’ (?-?-?). Huruf ya di akhir berubah menjadi alif layyinah sesuai dengan kaidah i’lal dan kaidah ibdal. Kemudian huruf wau di awal kata waq? diganti dengan huruf ta karena dua huruf tersebut makkhrajnya berdekatan menjadi taq? (???). Untuk menghasilkan kata taqwa, kata taq? yang berbentuk verba akan mengalami proses morfologis yang disebut dengan tashrif ishtilahy menjadi yatq? kemudian berubah menjadi taqyan dan huruf ya pada kata taqyan berubah menjadi wau sehingga membentuk kata taqwan atau taqw?. Kedua, kata yang diturunkan dari akar kata taqwa berjumlah 258 kata dari 63 surat di dalam Al-Qur’an. Ketiga, Akar kata taqwa yang diturunkan sejumlah 258 kata yang dirincikan ke dalam 35 bentuk kata dan disederhanakan menjadi 6 ??ghah (bentuk kata dalam bahasa Arab) yaitu fi’l madhi berjumlah 13 kata, fi’l mudhari 62 kata, fi’l amr’ 107 kata, ism f?'il 55 kata, ism tafdhil 2 kata, dan masdhar 19. Selanjutnya, pembagian 35 kata takwa secara infleksional berjumlah 5 bentuk kata dan secara derivasional berjumlah 18 kata serta kata yang bisa diturunkan bersamaan secara infleksional  dan derivasional berjumlah 12 kata. Selain itu, semantik dari akar kata taqwa dibagi dua secara makna secara leksikal dan gramatikal.     

This study is an analysis of the word taqwa in the Qur’an reviewed from the morphological point of view of infection and derivation. Selection of the word taqwa as the object of research, the word has a unique pattern of change and also the wordtaqwa becomes one of the words that are widely used by the Dais and Mubalig. For this reason, this study aims to reveal the forms of the word and meaning in the Qur'an.

This research is qualitative descriptive research using the type of library research, with the method of collection of data obtained from the Quran and the books of interpretation and related writings. In his analysis, he used the interpretation of the data of the word taqwa in the Qur'an and then put it into the pattern of infection and derivation.

A comprehensive research analysis of the term "taqwa" yielded three key findings. First, the root of the word "taqwa" is "waqa" , comprising three letters: "w – q – y’". The letter "ya" at the terminus of the word undergoes a transformation into "alif layyinah," a phenomenon governed by the principles of i'lal and ibdal rules. The letter wau at the beginning of the word waq? is replaced with the letter ta because the two letters are close together to become taq? (???). The verb taq? undergoes a morphological process called tashrif ishtilahy, resulting in yatq?. Subsequently, it transforms into taqyan, where the letter ya in taqyan changes into a wau, culminating in the formation of taqwan or taqw?. Second, the words derived from the root word taqwa amount to 258 words from 63 chapters in the Qur'an. Third, the root of the word taqwa is derived from 258 words, which are detailed into 35 word forms and simplified into 6 ??ghah (word forms in Arabic), namely fi'l madhi totaling 13. The third component of the linguistic analysis involves an examination of the etymology of the term "taqwa." The root of this word is derived from a total of 258 words, which are further categorized into 35 distinct word forms, also referred to as sigah. These forms include the fi'l madhi, which accounts for a total of 13 words, the fi'l mudhari, which comprises 62 words, the fi'l amr' with a total of 107 words, the ism f?'il with 55 words, the ism tafdhil with 2 words, and the masdhar with 19 words. The subsequent step in the analysis involves the division of the 35 word forms of taqwa. This division is conducted into two categories: inflectional and derivational. The inflectional category comprises five word forms, while the derivational category encompasses a total of 18 words. Additionally, there are 12 words that can be derived simultaneously from both the inflectional and derivational categories, bringing the total derivations to 12. In addition, the semantics of the root word taqwa is divided into two meanings, lexically and grammatically.

Kata Kunci : Morfologi, Infleksi, Derivasi, Taqwa/Morphology, Inflection, Derivation, Taqwa