Resiliensi Rumah Sakit Di Kawasan Rawan Bencana: Analisis Kesiapsiaagaan Rumah Sakit Jiwa Grhasia

Meliyana, Syahirul Alim, S.Kp., M.Sc., Ph.D ; dr. Dewi Ratmasari, MPH

2025 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEBIJAKAN DAN MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan risiko bencana tinggi akibat letaknya di Cincin Api Pasifik. Rumah Sakit, terutama yang berada di kawasan rawan bencana, harus memiliki kesiapsiagaan optimal dalam menghadapi keadaan darurat dan bencana. Rumah Sakit Jiwa (RSJ) Grhasia, yang terletak di Kawasan Rawan Bencana (KRB) II di dekat Gunung Merapi, memiliki tantangan unik dalam memastikan resiliensi sistem layanan kesehatannya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis resiliensi RSJ yang terletak di kRB dalam menghadapi situasi darurat dengan fokus pada kapasitas struktural, non-struktural, fungsional, serta implementasi Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP). Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode evaluatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci, observasi langsung, serta telaah dokumen terkait manajemen bencana di RSJ Grhasia. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan berbasis triangulasi. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penilaiai HSI, RSJ Grhasia memperoleh nilai keselamatan total (overall safety index) sebesar 0,10 (kategori C), yang menandakan tingkat keselamatan rendah dan ketidakmampuan Rumah Sakit untuk berfungsi optimal saat bencana. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam menunjukkan bahwa RSJ Grhasia telah memiliki dasar ketahanan (resiliensi) yang cukup baik dalam menghadapi situasi darurat dan bencana, terutama yang berkaitan dengan ancaman erupsi Gunung Merapi. Namun, tingkat ketahanan ini belum sepenuhnya optimal dan masih memerlukan penguatan di berbagai aspek terutama kapasitas non-struktural. Berdasarkan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah informan, menyatakan implementasi HDP di RSJ Grhasia telah optimal. RSJ Grhasi juga secara rutin melaksanakan simulasi dan pelatihan minimal satu kali setahun, beberapa simulasi dilakukan dengan skenario bencana berbeda-beda seperti gempa, kebakaran, dan erupsi Merapi. Keterlibatan stakeholder eksternal seperti BPBD dan Dinas Kesehatan sudah bejalan dengan baik. Kesimpulan : RSJ Grhasia memiliki dasar resiliensi yang cukup pada aspek struktural, namun masih menghadapi kelemahan signifikan dalam aspek non-struktural, fungsional, dan implementasi HDP. Diperlukan penguatan menyeluruh, terutama pada SDM, pendanaan, sistem logistik, dan simulasi terpadu, untuk memastikan kesiapsiagaan menyeluruh dalam menghadapi risiko sehingga dapat lebih mudah untuk pulih dan bangkit lebih baik dari keadaan darurat dan bencana.

Latar Belakang: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan risiko bencana tinggi akibat letaknya di Cincin Api Pasifik. Rumah Sakit, terutama yang berada di kawasan rawan bencana, harus memiliki kesiapsiagaan optimal dalam menghadapi keadaan darurat dan bencana. Rumah Sakit Jiwa (RSJ) Grhasia, yang terletak di Kawasan Rawan Bencana (KRB) II di dekat Gunung Merapi, memiliki tantangan unik dalam memastikan resiliensi sistem layanan kesehatannya.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis resiliensi RSJ yang terletak di kRB dalam menghadapi situasi darurat dengan fokus pada kapasitas struktural, non-struktural, fungsional, serta implementasi Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP).

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode evaluatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci, observasi langsung, serta telaah dokumen terkait manajemen bencana di RSJ Grhasia. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan berbasis triangulasi.

Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penilaiai HSI, RSJ Grhasia memperoleh nilai keselamatan total (overall safety index) sebesar 0,10 (kategori C), yang menandakan tingkat keselamatan rendah dan ketidakmampuan Rumah Sakit untuk berfungsi optimal saat bencana. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam menunjukkan bahwa RSJ Grhasia telah memiliki dasar ketahanan (resiliensi) yang cukup baik dalam  menghadapi situasi darurat dan bencana, terutama yang berkaitan dengan ancaman erupsi Gunung Merapi. Namun, tingkat ketahanan ini belum sepenuhnya optimal dan masih memerlukan penguatan di berbagai aspek terutama kapasitas non-struktural. Berdasarkan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah informan, menyatakan implementasi HDP di RSJ Grhasia telah optimal. RSJ Grhasi juga secara rutin melaksanakan simulasi dan pelatihan minimal satu kali setahun, beberapa simulasi dilakukan dengan skenario bencana berbeda-beda seperti gempa, kebakaran, dan erupsi Merapi. Keterlibatan stakeholder eksternal seperti BPBD dan Dinas Kesehatan sudah bejalan dengan baik.

Kesimpulan : RSJ Grhasia memiliki dasar resiliensi yang cukup pada aspek struktural, namun masih menghadapi kelemahan signifikan dalam aspek non-struktural, fungsional, dan implementasi HDP. Diperlukan penguatan menyeluruh, terutama pada SDM, pendanaan, sistem logistik, dan simulasi terpadu, untuk memastikan kesiapsiagaan menyeluruh dalam menghadapi risiko sehingga dapat lebih mudah untuk pulih dan bangkit lebih baik dari keadaan darurat dan bencana.

 

Background: Indonesia is one of the countries with a high risk of disasters due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Hospitals, especially those located in disaster-prone areas, must have optimal preparedness in dealing with emergencies and disasters. Grhasia Mental Hospital (RSJ), located in Disaster-Prone Area (DPA) I near Mount Merapi, faces unique challenges in ensuring the resilience of its healthcare system. Objective: This study aims to analyze the resilience of mental hospitals located in disaster-prone areas in dealing with emergency situations, focusing on structural, non-structural, and functional capacities, as well as the implementation of the Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP). Method: This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with an evaluative method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, direct observations, and a review of documents related to disaster management at RSJ Grhasia. Data analysis was conducted using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing based on triangulation. Research Results: Based on the HSI assessment, Grhasia Mental Hospital obtained an overall safety index score of 0.10 (category C), indicating a low level of safety and the hospital's inability to function optimally during a disaster. Based on in-depth interviews, it was found that RSJ Grhasia has a fairly good foundation of resilience in dealing with emergency situations and disasters, particularly those related to the threat of Mount Merapi eruptions. However, this level of resilience is not yet fully optimal and still requires strengthening in various aspects, especially non-structural capacity. Based on in-depth interviews with several informants, the implementation of the HDP at Grhasia Mental Hospital has been optimal. Grhasia Mental Hospital also regularly conducts simulations and training at least once a year, with some simulations using different disaster scenarios such as earthquakes, fires, and Merapi eruptions. The involvement of external stakeholders such as the Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and the Health Department is already functioning well. Conclusion: RSJ Grhasia has a sufficient foundation of resilience in structural aspects, but still faces significant weaknesses in non-structural, functional, and HDP implementation aspects. Comprehensive strengthening is required, particularly in terms of human resources, funding, logistics systems, and integrated simulations, to ensure comprehensive preparedness in addressing risks, thereby enabling easier recovery and better resilience from emergencies and disasters. background: Indonesia is one of the countries with a high risk of disasters due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Hospitals, especially those located in disaster-prone areas, must have optimal preparedness in dealing with emergencies and disasters. Grhasia Mental Hospital (RSJ), located in Disaster-Prone Area (DPA) I near Mount Merapi, faces unique challenges in ensuring the resilience of its healthcare system. Objective: This study aims to analyze the resilience of mental hospitals located in disaster-prone areas in dealing with emergency situations, focusing on structural, non-structural, and functional capacities, as well as the implementation of the Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP).Method: This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with an evaluative method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, direct observations, and a review of documents related to disaster management at RSJ Grhasia. Data analysis was conducted using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing based on triangulation.Research Results: Based on the HSI assessment, Grhasia Mental Hospital obtained an overall safety index score of 0.10 (category C), indicating a low level of safety and the hospital's inability to function optimally during a disaster. Based on in-depth interviews, it was found that RSJ Grhasia has a fairly good foundation of resilience in dealing with emergency situations and disasters, particularly those related to the threat of Mount Merapi eruptions. However, this level of resilience is not yet fully optimal and still requires strengthening in various aspects, especially non-structural capacity. Based on in-depth interviews with several informants, the implementation of the HDP at Grhasia Mental Hospital has been optimal. Grhasia Mental Hospital also regularly conducts simulations and training at least once a year, with some simulations using different disaster scenarios such as earthquakes, fires, and Merapi eruptions. The involvement of external stakeholders such as the Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and the Health Department is already functioning well.Conclusion: RSJ Grhasia has a sufficient foundation of resilience in structural aspects, but still faces significant weaknesses in non-structural, functional, and HDP implementation aspects. Comprehensive strengthening is required, particularly in terms of human resources, funding, logistics systems, and integrated simulations, to ensure comprehensive preparedness in addressing risks, thereby enabling easier recovery and better resilience from emergencies and disasters.

Background: Indonesia is one of the countries with a high risk of disasters due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Hospitals, especially those located in disaster-prone areas, must have optimal preparedness in dealing with emergencies and disasters. Grhasia Mental Hospital (RSJ), located in Disaster-Prone Area (DPA) I near Mount Merapi, faces unique challenges in ensuring the resilience of its healthcare system.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the resilience of mental hospitals located in disaster-prone areas in dealing with emergency situations, focusing on structural, non-structural, and functional capacities, as well as the implementation of the Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP).

Method: This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with an evaluative method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, direct observations, and a review of documents related to disaster management at RSJ Grhasia. Data analysis was conducted using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing based on triangulation.

Research Results: Based on the HSI assessment, Grhasia Mental Hospital obtained an overall safety index score of 0.10 (category C), indicating a low level of safety and the hospital's inability to function optimally during a disaster. Based on in-depth interviews, it was found that RSJ Grhasia has a fairly good foundation of resilience in dealing with emergency situations and disasters, particularly those related to the threat of Mount Merapi eruptions. However, this level of resilience is not yet fully optimal and still requires strengthening in various aspects, especially non-structural capacity. Based on in-depth interviews with several informants, the implementation of the HDP at Grhasia Mental Hospital has been optimal. Grhasia Mental Hospital also regularly conducts simulations and training at least once a year, with some simulations using different disaster scenarios such as earthquakes, fires, and Merapi eruptions. The involvement of external stakeholders such as the Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and the Health Department is already functioning well.

Conclusion: RSJ Grhasia has a sufficient foundation of resilience in structural aspects, but still faces significant weaknesses in non-structural, functional, and HDP implementation aspects. Comprehensive strengthening is required, particularly in terms of human resources, funding, logistics systems, and integrated simulations, to ensure comprehensive preparedness in addressing risks, thereby enabling easier recovery and better resilience from emergencies and disasters.

Kata Kunci : Resiliensi Rumah Sakit, Kesiapsiagaan Bencana, Sendai framework, Hospital Disaster Plan, RSJ Grhasia