Perubahan aspek-aspek perkawinan pada masyarakat pedesaan: Studi kasus di Dusun Mojohuro, Desa Sariharjo Kec. Imogiri, Kab. Bantul, DIY

Agus Budi Wibowo, Prof.Dr. Masri Singarimbun

1994 | Tesis | S2 Kependudukan

INTISARI Pembangunan yang giat dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah pene-merambah seluruh wilayah Nusantara. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi yang menyangkut perubahan aspek-aspek perkawinan. Sejauh mana kebiasaan-kebiasaan dalam bidang perkawinan telah berubah dengan adanya pembangunan (pendidikan, media massa, ekonomi, dan sebagainya). Penelitian ini penting dilakukan atas dasar pemikiran bahwa perkawinan merupakan salah satu variabel yang pengaruhi fertilitas dan pertumbuhan penduduk. Selain itu, penelitian ini penting karena mempunyai kegunaan akademis dan praktis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Dusun Mojohuro, Desa Sriharjo, Kecamatan Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul, Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan alasan bahwa daerah ini sering diteliti oleh ahli kependudukan. Data mengenai kondisi daerah ini lebih lengkap dibandingkan dengan daerah lain sehingga dapat dipakai sebagai bahan pembanding untuk melihat perubahan-perubahan sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan aspek-aspek perkawinan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kombinasi metode kuantitatif dan metode kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data dari 200 responden, terdiri dari 100 responden pria dan 100 responden wanita, yang berumur 20-54 tahun. Metode kualitatif digunakan dengan cara observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam, dan tinggal di daerah penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola perkawinan telah berubah. Pergaulan muda-mudi bebas. Pergaulan saat ini lebih bebas dibandingkan dengan beberapa tahun yang lalu. Peran orang tua dalam memilihkan jodoh anak-anaknya telah berkurang. Penundaan hubungan seks mulai jarang dilakukan, malahan hubungan seks sebelum nikah mulai muncul. Beberapa upacara perkawinan mulai ditinggalkan. Makin tinggi pendidikan, makin besar keinginan mencari jodoh di luar lingkungan keluarga. Perceraian mulai berkurang. Usia kawin pertama naik. Diketemukan pula, bahwa telah terjadi perubahan sosial ekononi masyarakat. Faktor pendidikan, pekerjaa sebelum kawin, dan mobilitas mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pola perkawinan, dalam hal pergaulan muda-mudi, hubungan keluarga, penundaan hubungan seks, pemilihan jodoh, ceraian, dan umur pertama kali kawin.

ABSTRACT The development program which is being implemented by the goverment has spread to every region of the country. For this reason, the study aims at finding out the changes that take place in relation with the socioeconomic changes of the community 8.S well 85 the changes of the marriages have changed due to the socioeconomic development such as education, mass media, economy, etc. The study which is essential to be carried out is based on the fact that marriage is one of many variables which influences fertility as well as population growth. Besides, the study is assumed to have some academic and practical utilities. The study was conducted in Mojohuro Village, Sriharjo Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, with the reasons that this region has been frequently studied by many population experts. Data about the conditions of the region are more complete if compared with the other villages, and could thus be used AS comparative materials to observe the socioeconomic changes of the community and and the marriage patterns. The method used in the study is a combination of the quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method is done by using questionnaires to obtain data from 200 respondents, each consisting of 100 male and 100 female respondents, each aging between 20 and 54 years by the time the study. The qualitative method was conducted through participation of observation and indepth interview; meanwhile, the interviewers were staying in the field of study. The study shows that the marriage patterns in the village has experienced some changes. The young people association has become more flexible, although this association has lately been considered even more flexible. The practice of parents in arranging the marriage of their daughters is more decreasing. The delay of sexual even intercourse after marriage is increasingly scarce, while sexual before marriage begin to take place. Several traditional or old-fashioned marriage ceremonies have been abandoned. The higher the level of education, the greater will be the inclination to make one's own choice of a mate outside the family circle. Divorce is decreasing, whereas age of first marriage increases. The study also shows that some socioeconomic changes have taken place in the community. Several factors such &5 education, obtaining employment before marriage, and population mobility have significant influence towards marriage patterns, particularly among young people's association, family tie, delay of sexual intercourse, the selecting of a mate, divorce, and age at first marriage.

Kata Kunci : Adat Perkawinan, Pedesaan, Prubahan Adat Perkawinan, Kependudukan