Pengaruh faktor sosial-ekonomi terhadap tingkat kematian bayi: di daerah Sulawesi Selatan Tenggara

Abdul Aziz Razake, Dr. Masri Singarimbun

1986 | Tesis | S2 Kependudukan

INTISARI Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kondisi tingkat kematian bayi di daerah Sulawesi Selatan Tenggara yang terdiri dari propinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Sulawesi Tenggara. Dengan kajian ini diperoleh gambaran tentang penyebaran angka kematian bayi antar kabupaten / kotamadya, perbandingan angka kematian bayi antara daerah perkotaan dengan daerah pedesaan dan perbedaan tingkat kematian bayi laki laki dengan perempuan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari dokumen 'print out' komputer Biro Pusat Statistik di Jakarta dan dari publikasinya seri S nomor 25 dan 26 tentang hasil Sensus Penduduk 1980. Cara mendapatkan angka kematian bayi dihitung dengan metode estimasi tidak langsung menurut teknik Trussell. Hasil estimasi ini menunjukkan penyebaran angka-angka yang sangat bervariasi di antara ke 24 kabupaten / kotamadya yang diobservasi. Angka kematian bayi terendah adalah 61,04 dan yang tertinggi 212,54 per 1000 kelahiran. Keragaman angka kematian bayi tersebut disebabkan karena perbedaan faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang keadaannya tidak sama di antara daerah-daerah. Sejalan dengan perbedaan-perbedaan itu diamati pula lima faktor yang dipandang berperan mempenga ruhi tingkat kematian bayi, yaitu faktor ibu, pendidikan, ekonomi, kesehatan dan perumahan. Untuk mendapatkan kepasti-an tentang keeratan hubungan dan pengaruh faktor-faktor ter-sebut terhadap tingkat kematian bayi, dilakukan analisis dengan teknik 'regresi reduksi bertahap' menggunakan komputer 'Apple II'. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi tingkat kematian bayi di daerah Sulawesi Selatan Tenggara ialah pendidikan de ngan pengaruh relatif mencapai 91,65 persen. Kemudian berturut-turut faktor ekonomi 3,68 persen, faktor perumahan 2,42 persen, faktor kesehatan 1,52 persen dan faktor ibu hanya mencapai 0,74 persen. Secara terpisah, pengaruh faktor-faktor ini tidak sama di daerah perkotaan dengan di daerah pedesaan. Yang paling besar pengaruhnya di perkotaan ialah faktor perumahan dengan bobot pengaruh relatif 33,93 persen, kemudian faktor pendidikan 29,27 persen, faktor ekonomi 25,96 persen dan faktor kesehatan 10,84 persen. Di pedesaan, pengaruh faktor-faktor tersebut berturut-turut pendidikan 78,27 persen, kesehatan 11,55 persen, ekonomi 6,42 persen, perumahan 2,60 persen dan faktor 1bu 1,16 persen.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to examine the condition of infant mortality rate in South and Southeast Sulawesi which consists of the provinces South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi. The examination revealed the descriptiof of distribution of infant mortality rate among regencies /municipalities, comparison of infant mortality rate between urban and rural area, and differences of infant mortality rate based on sex. Research data was obtained from the do cument of computer print-out Central Bureau of Statistics, Jakarta and it's publication which consist of series S number 25 and 26 on the result of Population Census 1980. - Figure of infant mortality rate was obtained bay using indirect estimation method based Trussell's technique. The result of this estimation showed variative distribution among 24 regencies / municipalitie that were oberved. The lowest infant mortality figure was 61.04 while the highest one was 212.54 per 1000 child births. The variation of infant mortality figure was caused by differences in social economic factors of the sites of research. In line with these differences, five factors were also observsd. These consisted of mother, education, economic status, health and housing which were considered as affecting infant mortality figure. In order to get certainty concerning the affect of the above mentioned factors upon infant mortality figure, the data was analyzed by using gradual reduction regression using 'Apple II' computer. The result of analysis showed that over all the most dominant factors which affected infant mortality figure in South and Southeast Sulawesi was education. It's relative affect was 91.65 per cent. The affect of economic factor was 3.68 percent, housing factor was 2.42 percent, health factor was 1.52 per cent while that of mother was only 0.74 percent. Analyzed separatedly the influence of these factors in rural and urban areas was not the same. The most dominant factor in urban area was housing (33.93 per cent) while other factors formed smaller percentage, i.e. educational factor (29.27 per cent), economical factor (25.96 per cent), health factor (10.84 per cent). Meanwhile in rural area the influence of above mentioned factor was as following: education (78.27 per cent), health (11.55 per cent), economy (6.42 per cent), housing (2.60 per cent) and factor of mother was 1.16 per cent.

Kata Kunci : Tingkat Kematian Bayi,Bayi,Tingkat Kematian,Mortalitas Anak,Kependuduk