Dampak perilaku petani kubis (Brassica oleracea L.) terhadap nilai residu insektisida curacron pendapatan bersih, populasi nematoda parasitik tumbuhan dan cacing tanah serta sifat kimia tanah; (Studi kasus di Kecamatan Tawangmangu Propinsi Jawa Tengah)

Dina Ruslanjani, Dr. S. Djalal Tandjung, M.Sc.

1999 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

INTISARI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dampak perilaku petani kubis. terhadap besarnya nilai residu insektisida curacron, pendapatan bersih petani, sifat kimia tanah, populasi nematosa parasitik dan non parasitik tumbuhan serta populasi cacing tanah. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan studi kasus di Kecamatan Tawangmangu, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Secara justified random sampling dipilih dari 7 desa dan 3 kelurahan, satu kelurahan yaitu Kelurahan Kalisoro, yang terletak antara 1.250 1.500 m dpl. Kemudian diambil 30 sampel petani pemilik dan penggarap secara random sampling, yang dibagi dalam 3 strata perlakuan dosis dan frekuensi pemberian insektisida terhadap tanaman kubis, yaitu maksimum, rekomendasi dan minimum. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan pengamatan di lapangan, pemberian daftar pertanyaan dan uji laboratorium. Untuk mendapatkan data perilaku petani, dengan membuat daftar pertanyaan terhadap petani sampel. Sedangkan untuk mendapatkan nilai residu pada tanaman kubis, diambil dari tanaman kubis petani sampel yang kemudian diuji laboratorium, demikian pula untuk populasi nematoda parasitik tumbuhan dan non parasitik tumbuhan serta populasi cacing tanah serta sifat kimia tanah, diambil pada media tanam dari kubis sampel dan diadakan uji laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku petani dalam pemberian insektisida pada tiga strata terlihat ada perbedaan yang nyata, dengan pemberian maksimum, akan makin besar nilai residu pada tanaman kubis, yang akan membahayakan kesehatan manusia, dengan dosis dan frekuensi maksimum akan menurunkan pendapatan bersih. Pemberian insektisida yang maksimum akan mengakibatkan populasi nematoda parasitik tumbuhan menurun, namun diikuti dengan menurunnya pula nematoda non parasitik tumbuhan (saprophag) serta menurunkan populasi cacing tanah yang sangat berguna untuk menyuburkan tanah. Dari pengamatan terhadap sifat kimia tanah, dengan pemberian insektisida maksimum, akan menurunkan unsur-unsur hara yang tersedia bagi tanaman. Kata kunci: perilaku petani, insektisida curacron, nilai residu, pendapatan bersih, lingkungan

ABSTRACT This study aims to learn the attitude of cabbage's peasants toward the amount of the insecticide's residue namely curacron, the net incomes of peasants, and the chemical in the soil, the parasitic nematodes plant population and non-parasitic nematodes plants as well as worm's populations. The case study was held in 10 villages of the Tawangmangu district, Karanganyar regency, Central Java province. Out of these 10 villages, 3 villages of cabbage's plantation were selected through a random sampling method. Only one village out of the three was chosen with a consideration that all of the three have a similar physical environment as they were all located in the same high altitude. I took 30 samples of peasants who are the owner of the lands and the workers. In that case, I divided the sample into three categories based on the dose of insecticide given to their cabbage lands: maximum, recommended, and minimal attitude. The study carries out a questionnaire on the peasant's social economy, an observation of their behavior toward their use of insecticide and the laboratory test. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the peasant's behavior in using the dose of the insecticide with the residual amount in the cabbage to the extent that endangers humans' health. The results also show that the more dose of the insecticide the peasants use, the lower their net incomes. The higher the dose of the insecticide, the lower the parasitic and non-parasitic populations in the soil, as well as lowering the amount of worms in the soil. The decreasing amount of the worms in the soil damages the soil fertility and the nutrient factor for vegetation. In conclusion, this study exhibits that conferring inappropriate dosage of insectiside results in damaging the soil which endanger environment and humans health. Key words: peasant's behavior, insectiside curacron, residual value, net income, environment

Kata Kunci : Perilaku petani, insektisida curacron, nilai residu, pendapatan bersih, lingkungan