Aktivitas ekonomi dan pemenuhan kebutuhan penduduk usia lanjut di Kelurahan Baciro, Kecamatan Gondokusuman Kotamadia Yogyakarta

Aida Fitria Harahap, Prof.Dr. Ida Bagoes Mantra

1998 | Tesis | S2 Kependudukan

ABSTRAKS Indonesia telah mengalami peningkatan jumlah penduduk usia lanjut dan kenaikan angka harapan hidup. Sehubungan dengan hal itu penelitian ini berupaya untuk mengkaji kondisi penduduk usia lanjut. Adapun yang menjadi fokus perhatian dari penelitian ini adalah kondisi penduduk usia lanjut yang masih aktif melakukan aktivitas ekonomi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Baciro, Kecamatan Gondokusuman, Kotamadia Yogyakarta. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah; pertama, ingin mengetahui apakah aktivitas ekonomi penduduk usia lanjut semata-mata dilakukan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan fisiologis saja, atau lebih diutamakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan non fisiologis penduduk usia lanjut; kedua, ingin mengetahui perbedaan diantara penduduk usia lanjut. menurut latar belakang kondisi demografis dan sosial ekonomi seperti umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, jumlah tanggungan, pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, bantuan yang diterima dan pendapatan keluarga, dalam hal kebutuhan yang dapat dipenuhi melalui aktivitas ekonomi yang dilakukannya,. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gabungan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Responden penelitian adalah penduduk usia lanjut berusia 60 tahun ke atas yang masih melakukan aktivitas ekonomi. Jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 105 orang, yaitu sebesar 25% dari populasi, yang diambil dengan cara systematic sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan tabel frekuensi tunggal dan tabel silang, setelah itu dilakukan interpretasi dengan analisa kualitatif. Dari lima jenis kebutuhan manusia menurut Maslow, yang menjadi alasan penduduk usia lanjut untuk tetap melakukan aktivitas ekonomi hanyalah 3 saja yaitu; kebutuhan fisiologis, kebutuhan bersosialisasi dan kebutuhan akan harga diri. Sebesar 92.4% penduduk usia lanjut menyatakan ingin memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologis, penduduk usia lanjut dengan alasan kerja ingin melakukan sosialisasi adalah 2.9% sedangkan sebesar 4.8% menyatakan ingin memenuhi kebutuhan akan harga diri. Ternyata memang tidak semua penduduk usia lanjut melakukan aktivitas ekonomi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologis, karena ada yang bekerja untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan non fisiologis. Menurut hasil penelitian, kondisi demografi, sosial dan ekonomi tertentu memang dapat menimbulkan perbedaan jenis kebutuhan yang dapat dipenuhi oleh aktivitas ekonomi penduduk.

ABSTRACT Indonesia has undergone an increase of elderly population and an increase in life expectancy rate. In accordance to this matter, this research aims on finding out the conditions of the elderly population. The focus of this research is condition of elderly population who are still active in doing economic activities. The research was carried out in Baciro, Gondokusuman District, Yogyakarta. The aim of this research is; firstly to find out whether economic activity of the elderly population is only to fulfill their physiological needs, or more priority to their non physiological needs; secondly to find out the differences between the elderly population according to demographic, social and economics background condition, such as age, sex, marital status, financial burden, type of work, education, assistance received, and family income, in the needs that have to be fulfill through economic activities. The method used in this research is a combination of the qualitative and quantitative one. The research respondent are elderly population aged 60 years old and over, who was still involved in economic activities. The number of the research sample is 105 people, which is 25% of the population was selected by systematic sampling. The data analysis was done by describing the single frequency table and cross table, and then interpretation with qualitative analysis was made. The result of this research showed that a majority of the research respondent (41%) were aged 60-64 years old. The majority of elderly (72.4%) has family burden of 1-3 people. Most of the elderly have low education which is 77% from all of the elderly. Elderly's type of work distribution usually tend to focus on special type of work like trading which is 45.7% of the elderly, and hard labour which is 16.2% of the elderly. From all of the elderly, 87.8% have low family income. From five of the human needs according to Maslow, which were mentioned by the respondent as a reason to keep doing economic activities were only three; physiological needs, socialization needs, and self esteem needs. The elderly stating the needs to fulfill physiological needs is 92.4% of the respondent. Ones with reason to socialize is 2.9%, where as 4.8% stated to fulfill their self esteem needs. It appears that not all of elderly population do economic activities to fulfill their physiological needs, because there are ones who work to fulfill non physiological needs. In this case according to the research, demographic, social and economics condition can caused different type of needs which can be fulfilled by elderly economic activity.

Kata Kunci : Aktivitas ekonomi, kebutuhan penduduk usia lanjut, Kelurahan Baciro