Mobilitas penduduk non permanen dan remitan kasus Desa Tanjung Kecamatan Juwiring Kabupaten Klaten Jawa Tengah

Umrotun, Prof.Dr. Ida Bagoes Mantra

1997 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

INTISARI Penelitian mobilitas penduduk nonpermanen dan remitan ini dilakukan di Desa Tanjung Kecamatan Juwiring Kabupaten Klaten. Mobilitas pendenduk Desa Tanjung berkaitan dengan hasil-hasil pembangunan terutama pengem- bangan sarana dan prasarana transportasi yang semakin lancar yang memungkinkan kendaraan umum dapat sampai ke pelosok desa. Mobilitas ulang alik desa-kota disebabkan adanya kesempatan kerja di kota yang semakin terbuka dan minimnya kesempatan kerja di desa, juga adanya perbedaan upah antara desa dan kota yang cukup mencolok. Mobilitas penduduk ulang alik mempunyai dampak pembangunan di daerah asal juga dapat mengurangi kepadatan kota karena mereka tidak menetap. Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) mengetahui alasan penduduk melakukan mobilitas dan aktivitas di daerah tujuan; (2) mengetahui karakteristik pelaku mobilitas demografis, sosial dan ekonomi; (3) mengetahui variasi pendapatan dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya; (4) besarnya remitan dan penggunaannya serta dampak remitan terhadap rumahtangga dan lingkungan sosial. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purpo- sive yaitu desa yang secara proporsional penduduknya banyak melakukan mobilitas ulang alik ke daerah lain, metode pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan obser- vasi. Wawancara dengan responden diambil secara sensus yaitu 113 responden, untuk analisa data digunakan tabel silang, frekuensi dan statistik. Hasil penelitian lapangan diketahui bahwa pelaku mobilitas ulang alik mempunyai keadaan ekonomi yang lebih baik dibandingan dengan sebelum melakukan mobilitas. Dari hasil penelitian juga diketahui lama bekerja, jumlah jam kerja tiap minggu dan pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan yang jelas dengan pendapatan hal ini disebabkan sebagian besar pelaku mobilitas bekerja di sektor informal remitan yang dibawa dari kota merupakan sumbangan utama bagi kehidupan migran. Penggunaan remitan yang utama adalah untuk kebutuhan primer. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut penulis menga- jukan saran adanya penambahan sarana dan prasarana trans- portasi agar mobilitas ulang alik lebih lancar, karena mobilitas ini ternyata menaikkan kualitas kehidupan pelaku dan lingkungan sosialnya.

ABSTRACT The study non permanent mobility and remittance was conducted in Tanjung Village Juwiring Subdistrict Klaten Sentral Java. Non permanent mobility in the village was due to the outcome of the development, particularly the transportation facilities permitting the public transport to reach the depth of the village. The mobility of going back and from village to town was the consequence of the increasing job opportunities in town and the decreasing job opportunities in the village, as well as the striking difference of wages between what the people got in the village and that in town. The mobility of the commuting people also influenced the development in the village an addition to reducing the population density in town because the people did not stay permanently. The study was aimed at: (1) finding the reason underlying the mobility and activity of the people in the target areas; (2) recognizing the characteristics of the agents of the demographic, social, and economic mobility. The research location was chosen purposively, namely the village some of whose people commute to other areas. The data collecting technique included observation and interview. The interview was conducted by means of census covering 113 people. The data analysis was conducted by means of cross table, frequency, and statistics. The outcome of the field study was that mobile agents had better income than those who before. The study showed that the working term, the working hours per week, and the level of education did not have significant influence on the income. This was due the fact that most of the commuting people worked in the informal sectors. The remittance that the people brought from town constituted the main contribution to the life of the migrants. The remittance was mainly spent for primary needs. Based on the research outcome, it is advisable that the transportation facilities be improved so that the commutation becomes easier since non permanent mobility of is proved to have increased the quality of their life and social environment.

Kata Kunci : Mobilitas penduduk, penduduk non permanen, penduduk remitan, desa Tanjung