Kajian pemanfaatan potensi keanekaragaman hayati Makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator kualitas air di Sunga Progo Hulu

ARTANTI, Widi, Prof.Dr. Shalihuddin Djalal Tandjung, M.Sc

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan (Magister Pengelolaan Lingkunga

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kualitas air dan perubahan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos untuk digunakan sebagai bioindikator status kualitas air di Sungai Progo Hulu. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah: (1)Adanya kegiatan penduduk seperti pertanian, perladangan, penambangan pasir dan batu, permukiman menyebabkan sumber perbedaan kualitas air di Sungai Progo bagian hulu; (2) Terdapat perubahan struktur dan pola zonasi komunitas makrozoobentos di Sungai Progo bagian hulu; (3) Komunitas makrozoobentos yang hidup di Sungai Progo berhubungan dengan kualitas air baik fisika air dan kimia airnya sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menduga kualitas air sungai terutama berkaitan dengan penentuan status baku mutu kualitas airnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Sungai Progo Hulu, meliputi Kabupaten Temanggung, Kabupaten Magelang dan Kota Magelang dengan stasiun pengamatan berjumlah 8 pada bulan April dan Mei 2004. Metode penelitian yang digunakan gabungan dari deskriptif dan survei. Sampel air dan makrozoobentos diambil sebulan sekali secara stratified random sampling. Alat analisis untuk mengklasifikan status kualitas air Sungai Progo bagian hulu menggunakan program MINITAB-PCA Cluster Analysis Observation, program SPSS Correspondency Analysis untuk analisis kualitas air hubungannya dengan makrozoobentos, sedangkan penentuan status kualitas airnya digunakan Indeks BMWP. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan telah terjadi perubahan kualitas air, parameter kualitas air yang tidak sesuai dengan baku mutu kualitas air kelas II adalah BOD5 dan konsentrasi fosfat. Berdasarkan analisis CA dan penghitungan Indeks BMWP di Sungai Progo menunjukkan dari Stasiun 1 sampai dengan Stasiun 8 kecuali Stasiun 5 termasuk dalam status kualitas air tercemar sedang, pencemaran lebih diakibatkan karena adanya pencemaran bahan organik karena mayoritas lahan untuk pertanian yaitu dengan ditemukannya famili Chironomidae, Baetidae, Hydropsychidae, yang mendominasi di hampir seluruh stasiun pengamatan. Stasiun 5 di Secang dalam status tercemar berat karena adanya tekanan kegiatan penambangan pasir dan batu di sungai.

The purpose of this research is to identify the change of water quality and macrozoobenthos community structure in order to to be used as water quality status bioindicator on the upper course of Progo River. The suggested hypotheses are: (1) the existence of people activities such as farm, field, sand and rock mine and settlement act as a source in changing Progo upper course water quality; (2) there is a shift in macrozoobenthos community structure and zonation on the upper course of Progo River; (3) the community of macrozoobenthos living in Progo river is related to both physics and chemistry of the water quality, which means that it can be used to predict the river water quality especially relating to the standard water quality status determination. The research was held in Progo upper course, covering the district of Temanggung, Magelang, and the city of Magelang. There were eight observation stations, in a period od April to May 2004. The research method used was a combination of descriptive and survey. Water and macrozoobenthos sample were taken once every month through stratified random sampling. MINITAB-PCA Cluster Analysis was used in classifying Progo upper course water quality status. Meanwhile, the SPSS Correspondence Analysis was used in analysing water quality related to macrozoobenthos, and water quality status determination was taken using BMWP index. The research result has shown that there has been a shift of water quality, an in appropriate water quality to the second water quality standard that is BOD5 and phosphate concentration. According to CA analysis and BMWP index equation on Progo river, all stations starting from the 1st to the 8th are in the status of average polluted, except for the 5 th station. The pollution is mostly caused by organic pollutant since the majority of land is used for agricultural activities. This is proved by the founding of Chironomidae, Baetidae and Hydropsychidae family, which dominated almost the entire observation stations. The 5th station was in the status of heavily polluted because of the pressure of rock and sand mining activity on the river

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan,Makrozoobentos,Bioindikator Kualitas Air, Watershed area, Bioindicator, Macrozoobenthos, River pollution, Water quality status.