Pengaruh usaha peternakan kambing peranakan Ettawa dengan sistem perkampungan ternak terhadap lingkungan sosial ekonomi penduduk: Kasus di desa Girikerto, Kec. Turi, Kab. Sleman

Margono, Prof.Drs. Kasto, MA.

2001 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

INTISARI Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang pengaruh usaha peternakan kambing Peranakan Ettawa dengan sistem perkampungan ternak terhadap lingkungan sosial ekonomi penduduk, yang telah dilaksanakan di Desa Girikerto, Kecamatan Turi Kabupaten Sleman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji tentang pengaruh program perkampungan ternak kambing Peranakan Ettawa terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi peternak dan perubahan komponen pembentuk kondisi sosial ekonomi petemak setelah program dilaksanakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan menggunakan teknik wawancara dengan bantuan kuesioner terhadap peternak peserta program/kelompok perkampungan ternak maupun peternak non program/dikandang sendiri, masing-masing 50 KK dipilih secara purposive random sampling, data sekunder bersumber dari Instansi terkait. Analisis data menggunakan analisis secara deskriptif kwalitatif. Untuk pembuktian hipotesis digunakan analisis uji kwantitatif statistik. Hasil penefitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran program peternakan kambing Peranakan Ettawa dengan sistem perkampungan ternak menimbulkan pengaruh positif pada Iingkungan sosial ekonomi dan bermanfaat bagi penduduk. Kenyataan ini ditunjukkan besarnya penyerapan tenaga kerja, pendapatan peternak serta peranan pendapatan usaha peternakan kambing Peranakan Ettawa terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga. Rerata penyerapan tenaga kerja keluarga peternak non program 23,22% ± 10,39% dan peternak peserta program 53,73% ± 12,63 dari jumlah ketersediaan tenaga kerja keluarga. Sedangkan rerata pendapatan usaha peternakan kambing Peranakan Ettawa dikandang sendiri sebesar Rp. 940.364/UT/Th ± 403,405, sedangkan rerata pendapatan peternak peserta program perkampungan ternak sebesar Rp. 1.378.532/UT/Th ± 691.536. Lebih tegas lagi rerata pendapatan peternak secara kelompok sebesar 1,47 kali rerata pendapatan peternak kambing Peranakan Ettawa dikandangkan sendiri. Kontribusi pendapatan peternak kambing Peranakan Ettawa terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga untuk di kandang individu/non program 38,86% ± 21,71 dan untuk kandang keiompok / peserta program 44,86% ± 17,64. Berdasarkan t-test baik penyerapan tenaga kerja, pendapatan usaha petemak kambing PE maupun kontribusi pendapatan usaha peternakan kambing Peranakan Ettawa terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga berbeda nyata antara dua kelompok petemak peserta program maupun non program.

ABSTRACT (A case study in Girikerto, Turi Subdistrict in Sleman Regency) This writing is the result of research on the effects of Ettawa cross-bred goat farming with a colony system on the socio-economic environment of the localcommunity, which was as carried out in Girikerto village of Turi Subdistrict in Sleman Regency. The aim of this research is to make a study of the effects of a program of farming Ettawa cross-bred goats in a colony on the breeders' socio-economic condition after the implementation of the program. The method used in this research was a survey in which primary data were collected by interviewing, with the aid of a questionnaire, with breeders who participated in the program as well as those who did not. From these two groups, 50 household heads were chosen by purposive random sampling. Secondary data were obtained from relevant agencies. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Analysis of a statistic quantitative test was used for hypothesis testing. The result of the research indicates that the Ettawa cross-bred goat-farrning program with a colony system has positive effects on the socio-economic environment and beneficial for the local community. This fact is indicated by the rising rate of employment, the breeders' increased incomes, and role of eamings from the Ettawa cross-bred goat-farming program in increasing family incomes. The average rate of employment of the families of the non partidpating breeders is 23.22% ± 10.39°/0 and that participating breeders is 53.73% ± 12.63% from the number of workers available. The average earnings from Ettawa cross-bred goat farming received by non-participants is Rp 940,364 per year ± 403.405 whereas the average earnings of the program participants is Rp 1,378,532 per year ± 691,536. In fact, the average earnings of breeders working in groups is 1,47 times the average eamings of non-participants. The contribution from Ettawa cross-bred goat farming to the family incomes of non-participants is 38.86% ± 21.71°/0 and tahat of program participants is 44.86% ± 17.64. The t-test on rate of employment, earning from Ettawa cross-bred goat farming, and its „r>ontribution to family incomes significantly indicates a difference between the program participants and the non-participants. Key words : Ettawa cross-bred goat farming, Colony system, Socio-economic environment

Kata Kunci : Peternakan Kambing Ettawa, Sistem Koloni, Lingkungan Sosial Ekonomi