Kinerja motor diesel satu silinder dan karakteristik emisi gas buangnya dengan bahan bakar biodiesel dari minyak biji kapok

ANWAR, Saiful, Ir. R. Handoyo, M.Eng

2005 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kinerja motor diesel dan emisi gas buangnya dengan bahan bakar dan sumber energi baru (renewable energy) yaitu biodiesel dan minyak biji kapok Pengujian kinerja motor diesel meliputi Torsi dan Daya, Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Spesifik (SFC), perbandingan udara bahan bakar masuk ke ruang bakar (AFR), emisi CO, HC dan opasitas dilakukan di laboratorium Konversi Energi Jurusan Teknik Mesin UGM dengan menggunakan engine test bench pada motor bakar diesel 1 silinder. Sedangkan pengukuran emisi NOx bekerjasama dengan Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan (BTKL) Jogjakarta. Analisis data hasil penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan metode statistik dengan model rancangan faktorial dan selanjutnya dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (UJGD). Berdasarkan hasil percobaan dan analisis data hasil penelitian diperoleh Torsi tertinggi pada solar 100% (BO) dengan nilai 16.0447 Nm, sedangkan biodiesel 100% nilai torsinya 15.5902 Nm. Daya tertinggi pada solar 100% (BO) dengan nilai 2.67107 kW, sedangkan biodiesel 100% nilai dayanya 2.56267 kW. BMEP tertinggi pada solar 100% dengan nilai 484.367 kPa, sedangkan biodiesel 100% BMEP-nya 464.597 kPa. SFC tertinggi pada Biodiesel 100% (B100) dengan nilai 889.774 gram/kW-jam, sedangkan solar 100% nilai SFC-nya 812.568 gram/kW-jam. AFR tertinggi pada biodiesel 40% (B40) dengan nilai 12.4136, sedangkan biodiesel 100% nilai AFR-nya 12.08147. Efisiensi volumetrik tertinggi pada B40 dengan nilai 82.3083%, sedangkan Efisiensi volumetrik biodiesel 100% nilainya 80.0964%. Efisiensi panas tertinggi pada solar 100% (BO) dengan nilai 16.1225%, sedangkan biodiesel 100% nilai efisiensi panasnya 14.9000%. Emisi gas buang karbonmonoksida (CO) tertinggi pada solar 100% (BO) dengan nilai 0.05133%, sedangkan biodiesel 100% (B100) nilainya 0.022%. Emisi Hidrokarbon (HC) solar 100% (BO) nilainya 27.333 ppm, sedangkan Biodiesel 100% (B100) nilai emisi HC-nya 17.467 ppm. Kepekatan asap tertinggi pada solar 100% (BO) dengan nilai 16.8945, sedangkan biodiesel 100% (B100) nilai kepekatan asapnya 6.7533. Emisi nitrogen oksida terjadi penurunan nitroksida (NOx) pada biodiesel 100% terhadap solar 100% sebesar 3.6%.

This study was aimed to measure the one cylinder diesel motor performance and its exhaust gas emission characteristics with fuel from new energy (renewable energy) of biodiesel from kapok seed oil The test of one cylinder diesel motor performance comprised of Torsion and power, Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), Air to fuel ratio (AFR), carbonmonoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogenoxide (Nox) and opacity emissions were carried out in the laboratory of Energy Conversion Mechanical Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University using engine test bench in one cylinder diesel burning motor. While the measurement of NOx emission was carried out together with Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan (BTKL) Yogyakarta The data analysis was carried out based on statistic method using factorial design model and then subsequent test using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Based on the result of the data analysis it was obtained the highest Torsion in 100% solar (BO) with value of 16,0447 Nm. While 100% biodiesel, its Torsion value was 15,5902 Nm. The highest Power in solar 100% (BO) 2,67107 kW, while 100% biodiesel its Power value was 2,56267 kW. The highest BMEP in 100% solar with value of 484,367 kPa, 100% biodiesel is BMEP was 464,597 kPa. The highest SFC in 100% biodiesel (B100) with value of 889, gram/ kW-hour, while 100% solar was of 812,568 gram/kW-hour. The highest AFR in 40% biodiesel (B40) with value of 12,4136, while 100% solar was of 12,08147. the highest volumetric efficiency in B40 was 82,308%, while in 100% biodiesel was of 80,096%. The highest thermal efficiency in 100% solar (BO) was of 16,1225% while in 100% biodiesel was of 14,9000% The highest emission of carbonmonoxide exhaust gas (CO) in 100% solar (BO) was of 0,05133%, while in 100% biodiesel (B100) value was 0,002%. The emission of hydrocarbon (HC) in 100% solar (BO) was of 27,333 ppm, while in 100% biodiesel (B100) was 17,467 ppm. The highest smoke thickness in 100% solar (BO) was 16,8945, while in 100% biodiesel (B100) was 6,7533. the nitrogenoxide emission was reducing in nitroxide(N0x) in 100% biodiesel toward 100% solar of 3,6%

Kata Kunci : Teknik Pertanian,Motor Diesel,Biodiesel Minyak Biji Kapok, kapok seed oil biodiesel, diesel motor performance, emission