Pengaruh Aplikasi Pembenah Tanah dan SP-26 Terhadap Ketersediaan P dan Produksi Jagung Manis Pada Vertisol, Playen, Gunungkidul

Beniqna Calista Dewi, Dr. Agr. Cahyo Wulandari, S.P., M.P. ; Tantriani, S.P., M.Agr., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU TANAH

Tanah Vertisol di Playen, Gunungkidul, memiliki kandungan kalsium karbonat (CaCO?) tinggi sehingga ketersediaan fosfor (P) rendah akibat terikat dalam bentuk kalsium fosfat yang sukar larut. Kondisi ini menjadi kendala dalam pemenuhan hara tanaman, termasuk jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh bahan pembenah tanah dan pupuk SP-26 terhadap sifat kimia tanah Vertisol, pertumbuhan, dan produktivitas jagung manis. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non-faktorial dengan sembilan perlakuan: P0 (kontrol), P1 (pupuk kandang sapi 2 ton/ha), P100 (SP-26 150 kg/ha), P50 (SP-26 75 kg/ha), P50M (P50 + mikoriza 10 g/tanaman), P50H (P50 + kalium humat 10 kg/ha), P50S (P50 + nano silika 2 kg/ha), P50HS (P50 + kalium humat + nano silika), dan P50MHS (P50 + mikoriza + kalium humat + nano silika). Semua perlakuan diberi pupuk kandang 2 ton/ha sebagai dasar, kecuali P0. Selain P0 dan P1 diberi Urea (350 kg/ha) dan K2SO4 (75 kg/ha). Setiap perlakuan diulang empat kali sehingga terdapat 36 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat kimia tanah, terutama peningkatan C-organik, penurunan pH tanah serta ketersediaan fosfor. Perlakuan P50HS memberikan hasil terbaik pada sebagian besar hasil panen jagung manis dan meningkatkan ketersediaan fosfor. Dengan demikian kombinasi SP-26 (75 kg/ha), kalium humat, dan nano silika efektif memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah, meningkatkan ketersediaan P, serta mendukung pertumbuhan dan produktivitas  jagung manis pada tanah Vertisol yang bersifat calcareous

Vertisol soil in Playen, Gunungkidul, contains high levels of calcium carbonate (CaCO?), resulting in low phosphorus (P) availability due to its fixation as insoluble calcium phosphate This condition constrains nutrient uptake in crops, including sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil amendments and SP-26 fertilizer on the chemical properties of Vertisol, as well as on the growth and productivity of sweet corn. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments: P0 (control), P1 (farmyard manure 2 t/ha), P100 (SP-26 150 kg/ha), P50 (SP-26 75 kg/ha), P50M (P50 + mycorrhiza 10 g/plant), P50H (P50+humic potassium 10 kg/ha), P50S (P50+nano-silica 2 kg/ha), P50HS (P50+humic potassium+nano-silica), and P50MHS (P50+mycorrhiza+humic potassium+nano-silica). All treatments received 2 t/ha of farmyard manure except P0, while all treatments except P0 and P1 were supplemented with urea (350 kg/ha) and K?SO? (75 kg/ha). Each treatment was replicated four times, resulting in 36 experimental units. The results showed that the treatments significantly affected soil chemical properties, particularly by increasing organic C, decreasing soil pH, and improving P availability. The P50HS treatment produced the best performance in most yield components of sweet corn and enhanced P availability. Therefore, the combination of SP-26 (75 kg/ha), humic potassium, and nano-silica was effective in improving soil chemical properties, increasing P availability, and supporting the growth and productivity of sweet corn on calcareous Vertisol soil

Kata Kunci : Fosfor, Pembenah Tanah, SP-26, Vertisol, Jagung Manis