Dinamika Pemangku Kepentingan dan Dampak Kesejahteraan dalam Inovasi PanganKu di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Muhammad Faishal Ghazy, Rezaldi Alief Pramadha, S.E., M.S.S.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU SOSIATRI

Sektor pertanian di Indonesia memiliki peran krusial dalam menopang ketahanan pangan nasional dan pembangunan daerah. Hal ini juga tercermin di Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, yang meskipun memiliki surplus produksi beras tahunan, kesejahteraan petani masih menghadapi tantangan serius. Untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, Pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo meluncurkan Inovasi PanganKu pada tahun 2018. Program ini bertujuan memperpendek rantai distribusi pangan, memberdayakan kelompok tani dan kelompok wanita tani, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani melalui keterlibatan dalam pengadaan pangan bagi e-warong. PanganKu hadir sebagai inovasi untuk mengisi celah kebijakan Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) nasional yang sebelumnya didominasi pasokan Bulog tanpa mempertimbangkan produk lokal.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan program dengan menggunakan kerangka Theory of change (ToC) dan Stakeholder Theory guna menelusuri tahapan perubahan mulai dari input, aktivitas, output, outcome, hingga impact, serta memahami dinamika hubungan dan kepentingan antar-aktor. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menyoroti kesejahteraan objektif petani kecil sebagai aktor paling bawah dalam rantai distribusi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Kulon Progo dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sebanyak 10 informan dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling yang melibatkan unsur pemerintah daerah, kelompok tani, e-warong, dan supplier. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian diuji validitasnya melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Inovasi PanganKu telah berjalan sistematis dengan output berupa penyaluran bantuan pangan kepada keluarga penerima manfaat dan terbentuknya sistem distribusi lokal melalui e-warong. Outcome program terlihat pada berkurangnya beban pengeluaran rumah tangga miskin serta adanya jaminan pasar bagi petani. Namun, temuan kritis muncul ketika menelaah kesejahteraan objektif petani. Meskipun terintegrasi dalam rantai pasok program, petani tidak mengalami peningkatan signifikan dalam struktur pendapatan, daya beli, maupun nilai tukar petani. Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani tetap bergantung pada hasil panen musiman, sementara proporsi pengeluaran untuk pangan masih tinggi. Program ini berhasil menciptakan efisiensi distribusi dan penguatan kelembagaan, namun belum mampu mentransformasi posisi tawar ekonomi petani dalam rantai nilai.

The agricultural sector in Indonesia plays a crucial role in supporting national food security and regional development. This condition is also reflected in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, which, despite its annual rice surplus, still faces serious challenges regarding farmers’ welfare. To address these issues, the Kulon Progo Government launched the PanganKu Innovation program in 2018. The program aims to shorten the food distribution chain, empower farmer groups and women farmer groups, and improve farmers’ welfare through their involvement in supplying food commodities for e-warong. PanganKu emerged as an innovation to fill the gaps left by the national Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) scheme, which had been dominated by Bulog supplies without considering local agricultural products.

This study aims to analyze the program’s implementation using the frameworks of Theory of change (ToC) and Stakeholder Theory to trace the stages of change—ranging from inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes to impacts—while also examining the dynamics of relationships and interests among stakeholders. Furthermore, the study highlights the objective welfare of small farmers as the lowest-level actors in the distribution chain. The research was conducted in Kulon Progo Regency using a qualitative descriptive method. A total of 10 informants were selected through purposive sampling, consisting of local government officials, farmer group members, suppliers, and e-warong managers. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, and the validity of the findings was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that PanganKu has been implemented systematically, with outputs including the distribution of food assistance to beneficiary households and the establishment of a local distribution system through e-warong. The program’s outcomes include reduced household food expenditure among low-income families and guaranteed market access for farmers. However, from the perspective of objective welfare, the impact on small farmers remains limited. Their income tends to stagnate, purchasing power has not significantly improved, and household food security still depends on seasonal harvests. In conclusion, PanganKu has strengthened local food networks and improved distribution governance but continues to face challenges in realizing long-term structural welfare transformation for farmers.

Kata Kunci : Inovasi PanganKu, Theory of Change, Stakeholder Theory, Kesejahteraan Objektif