Identifikasi Parasit Gastrointestinal dan Analisis Faktor Risikonya pada Sapi Potong di Kapanewon Piyungan dan Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul

Kaisa Fadhilah Az-Zahra, drh. Fajar Budi Lestari, M.Biotech., Ph.D.

2025 | Tugas Akhir | D4 Teknologi Veteriner

Ternak sapi potong merupakan komoditas penting dalam pemenuhan protein, sehingga produksi dan kualitasnya perlu ditingkatkan, salah satunya melalui pencegahan parasit gastrointestinal (PGI). Parasit gastrointestinal merupakan salah satu parasit pada sapi potong yang dapat merusak saluran pencernaan dan menurunkan kesehatan ternak hingga menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, identifikasi, tipe infestasi, dan menganalisis faktor risiko parasit gastrointestinal secara kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kapanewon Piyungan dan Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Survei kuesioner dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan informasi melalui wawancara peternak. Sebanyak 50 sampel feses dikoleksi dan diuji dengan metode natif dan pengapungan. Hasil pemeriksaan feses dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data kuisioner faktor risiko dianalisis menggunakan software engineer jamovi®. Sebanyak 47 sampel (94%) positif terinfestasi parasit gastrointestinal. Parasit gastrointestinal yang teridentifikasi terdiri dari cacing nematoda Strongyle sp. dan Capillaria sp., serta protozoa Eimeria sp. Terdapat 18 sampel (36%) positif terinfestasi secara tunggal dan 29 sampel (58%) positif terinfestasi secara campuran. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tipe kandang dan sumber air berpengaruh signifikan (p=0.047) terhadap kejadian infestasi. Sapi yang dipelihara di kandang individu dan menggunakan air dari Perusahaan Air Minum (PAM) memiliki risiko infestasi 0.167× lebih rendah dibandingkan sapi di kandang koloni dengan sumber air sumur. Faktor lain seperti usia, jenis kelamin, sanitasi, dan pakan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kejadian infestasi. Oleh karena itu, upaya peningkatan produksi dan kualitas sapi potong perlu difokuskan pada pengelolaan kondisi kandang dan sumber air untuk pencegahan infestasi PGI.

Beef cattle serve as an important commodity in fulfilling protein needs; therefore, improving both their production and quality is essential, one approach being the prevention of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP). Gastrointestinal parasites are among the parasites that affect beef cattle, capable of damaging the digestive tract and compromising animal health, potentially leading to mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, identification, infestation types, and qualitatively analyze the risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites. The research was conducted in Kapanewon Piyungan and Banguntapan, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. A questionnaire survey was employed to gather information through interviews with cattle farmers. Fifty fecal samples were collected and examined using native and flotation methods. The fecal examination results were analyzed descriptively, while the risk factor data from questionnaires were analyzed using the software Jamovi®. Of the samples tested, 47 (94%) were positive for gastrointestinal parasite infestation. Identified parasites included nematode worms Strongyle sp. and Capillaria sp., as well as the protozoan Eimeria sp. Among these, 18 samples (36%) exhibited single infestations, and 29 samples (58%) showed mixed infestations. Statistical analysis indicated that the type of cattle housing and water source significantly influenced infestation incidence (p=0.047). Specifically, cattle kept in individual housing and supplied with water from Perusahaan Air Minum (PAM) had a 0.167× lower risk of infestation compared to those housed in group pens with well water. Other factors such as age, sex, sanitation, and feeding practices did not significantly affect infestation rates. Therefore, efforts to enhance beef cattle production and quality should prioritize managing housing conditions and water sources to prevent gastrointestinal parasite infestations.

Kata Kunci : Eimeria sp., faktor risiko, nematoda, parasit gastrointestinal, sapi potong