Usahatani petani dataran aluvial pantai di Kabupaten Bantul Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Ngadino, Drs. H. Soewadi Moelyowiyono, M.S.

2001 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

INTISARI Penelitian "Usahatani Petani Dataran Aluvial Pantai di Kabupaten Bantul Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta", bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1).Kondisi lingkungan fisik yang meliputi iklim (temperatur, curah hujan dan angin), keadaan tanah (jenis dan sifat), hidrologi (drainase dan irigasi); 2). Pelaksanaan usahatani (jenis tanaman, sistem pergiliran tanaman, pelaksanaan intensifikasi, penanganan pascapanen dan pemasaran hasil); 3). Keadaan sosial ekonomi petani (tingkat pendidikan, keikutsertaan petani dalam penyuluhan maupun kegiatan organisasi kemasyarakatan, pemilikan alat pertanian, hewan ternak dan barang berharga serta pendapatan). Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, variabel yang diteliti adalah variabel fisik (iklim, tanah dan hidrologi) mengambil data sekunder dari pustaka, maupun hasil penelitian terdahulu dan pengamatan, variabel sosial ekonomi dengan mengumpulkan data primer dari petani responden. Responden diambil secara proportional random sampling untuk masing-masing dusun penelitian, jumlah sampel ditetapkan 15 % dari populasi Dalam analisa dipergunakan tabel silang, test Kruskal-Wallis dan perhitungan skor. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut : 1). Kondisi fisik (tanah, drainase dan irigasi) persawahan di desa Srigading (dengan sistem irigasi teknis/setengah teknis), lebih baik dari pada desa Parangtritis (sawah tadah hujan), maupun Tirtohargo, Gadingsari dan Poncosari (sawah tergenang periodik). 2). Pelaksanaan usahatani petani di desa Srigading lebih maju bila dibandingkan dengan petani di desa Tirtohargo, Gadingsari dan Poncosari, maupun di desa Parangtritis. Jenis tanaman yang diusahakan bervariasi antara padi, kacangtanah, bawang merah, cabai/lombok, ketela rambat dan jagung. Pemilikan lahan pertanian petani yang berupa sawah rata-rata 1.685,6 m2. sedangkan penguasaan lahan sawah yang digarap petani adalah lebih luas. 3). Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan, pendapatan petani dari usahatani, dan pendapatan dari luar usahatani maupun pendapatan total petani, antara petani di Parangtritis, dengan di Srigading dan petani di Tirtohargo, Gadingsari dan Poncosari, di mana keadaan sosial ekonomi petani dataran aluvial pantai di desa Srigading(sawah dengan irigasi teknis/setengah teknis), lebih baik dari pada petani di Parangtritis (sawah tadah hujan), maupun di desa Tirtohargo, Gadingsari dan Poncosari (sawah tergenang periodik).

ABSTRACT This research, entitled "Farming Operations by Farmers in the Coastal Alluvial Plain in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta," aims to investigate and examine: 1) The conditions of the physical environment which covers the climate (temperature, rainfall and wind), the soil condition (types and physical features), hydrology (drainage and irrigation). 2) the implementation of farming operations (types of plants, crop rotation system for the intensification program, post-harvest handling, and marketing); 3) the socio-economic conditions of farmers (levels of education, participation in agricultural extension and activities organized by community institutions, ownership of agricultural equipment, livestock and valuables as well as income). To achieve the above aim, the variables under examination were physical variables (climate, soil, and hydrology) by obtaining secondary data from relevant literature as well as results of previous research and observation, socio-economic variables by collecting primary data from respondents. Samples were taken by proportional random sampling for respondents from each village. The number of samples was 15% of the population. Cross-tabulation, Kruskal-Wallis test and scoring were used for analysis. The results of the research indicate the following: 1) The physical conditions (soil, drainage and irrigation) of rice-fields in Srigading village (with technically semi-technically irrigated system) are better than those in Parangtritis village (rain-dependent rice-fields), Tirtohargo, Gadingsari and Poncosari (periodically inundated rice-fields). 2) The implementation of farming operations in Srigading are more developed than those in Tirtohargo, Gadingsari, Poncosari and Parangtritis. The types of crops grown vary, namely rice, peanuts, onions, chilies, sweet potatoes, and maize. Ownership of agricultural land in the from of rice-fields is 1,685.6 m2 on average, whereas occupation of rice-fields cultivated by farmers is more extensive. 3) There are significant differences in farmers' income from farming operations and from non-farming operation as well as their total income among the farmers in Parangtritis, Srigading, Tirtohargo, Gadingsari and Poncosari, i.e. the socio-economic conditions of farmers in the coastal alluvial plain of Srigading are better that those in Parangtritis, Tirtohargo, Gadingsari and Poncosari.

Kata Kunci : Usahatani, Dataran Aluvial Pantai, Petani, Kabupaten Bantul