Efektivitas pencapaian baku mutu air pada badan air oleh kegiatan pembuang limbah cair industri, Rumah Sakit dan Hotel di Sungai Code

Nur Ismanto, Prof.Dr. Koesnadi Hardjasoemantri, SH.,ML.

2001 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

INTISARI Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui: (1) Efektivitas implementasi Keputusan Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, No. 214 / KPTS / 1991 tentang Baku Mutu Lingkungan Daerah untuk wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, (2) Realisasi tahap yang dilakukan guna menuju pencapaian Keputusan Gubernur tersebut, dan (3) Pengaruh kemampuan masyarakat serta kesediaan teknologi terhadap efektivitas baku mutu lingkungan yang ada. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada kasus sungai Code, menggunakan metode survai dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dari sumber- sumber potensi pencemaran lingkungan pada sekitar sungai Code. Pengumpulan data dengan responden dari instansi dan institusi terkait pengelola lingkungan hidup, serta data sekunder dari 8 kegiatan meliputi: 4 industri, 2 rumah sakit dan 2 hotel yang terletak di sekitar sungai Code, meliputi Kabupaten Sleman, Kotamadya Yogyakarta serta Kabupaten Bantul, melalui 8 titik sample. Analisis data dilaksanakan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa implementasi Keputusan Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, No.: 214 / KPTS/1991 tentang Baku Mutu Lingkungan Daerah untuk wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta secara umum belum efektif. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari: (1) Upaya pengolahan limbah sepenuhnya dilaksanakan. (2) Upaya pencapaian pengendalian baku mutu limbah cair khususnya di sungai Code belum banyak dilakukan, dan belum mempunyai target yang jelas sampai kapan akan dilaksanakan. (3) Penerapan Baku Mutu Lingkungan Daerah secara terpadu untuk pengelolaan lingkungan sungai Code secara konseptual belum diusahakan secara penuh. Temuan lain dari penelitian ini bahwa realisasi pentahapan untuk mencapai Keputusan Gubernur tentang Baku Mutu Lingkungan Daerah di sungai Code oleh beberapa instansi masih ditanggapi secara ragu-ragu. Hal ini disebabkan pada setiap sektor penuh untuk mengendalikan pencemaran air sungai Code. Disamping itu hasil penelitian menemukan, bahwa masyarakat di sekitar sungai Code sudah menunjukkan kesadaran masyarakat tersebut tampak pada perilaku masyarakat dalam mengubah fungsi lingkungan sungai menjadi sarana rekreasi dan wisata.

ABSTRACT This research aims to inquire into: (1) the effectiveness of the implementation of decesion of the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta number 214/KPTS/1991 concerning Environmental Quality Standards for the region, (2) the realization of the stages of implementation for the achievement of the goals of the decesion, and (3) the influence of the community's capabilities and available technology on the effectiveness of the existing environmental quality standards. This research was carried out on 23.Code river, using a survey method by purposive sampling of the potential sources of environtmental pollution around the research site. Data were collected from respondents from agencies and instotutions involved in the management of the environtment as well as from eight activities as secondary data: 4 industries, 2 hospitals and 2 hotels in the vicinity of the Code river covering Sleman locations. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. From the results of the research, it is found that in general, the governo's Decision has not been implemented effectively. Thi is evident from the following findings: (1) management of waste from industries, hospitals and hotels has not been fully carried out. (2) Effort to control the quality standard of liquid waste, particularly in the Code river, have not been made, and there are no definite plans of when efforts will be maade. (3) An integrated environmental quality standard for a conceptual envirinmental management of the river has not been fully applied. Another finding from this research is that the realization of the stages of implementation to achieve the goals set forth in the Governor's Decision indicates hesistant responses from a number of institutions. This is caused by the fact that in each sector involved in the activity, the existing set of legislation has not been fully enforced to control the polution of the river. This research also finds that the community who live in the immediate vicinity of the river show their awareness of the importance of their environment's sanitary condition. This awareness is evidentt from the behaviour of the local community in changing the function of the river into an area for recreation and tourism. Key Words Environmental quality standard, survey methode environmental pollution, waste management, liquid waste, pollution, sanitary condition.

Kata Kunci : Baku mutu lingkungan, metode survei pencemaran lingkungan, pengelolaan limbah, limbah cair, pencemaran, kondisi sanitasi