Valuasi ekonomi ekosistem terumbu karang di Kepulauan Togian: Kasus di kepulauan Togian Kabupaten Poso Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

Sultan Nadjamuddin, Prof. Dr.A.J. Suhardjo, M.A.

2003 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

INTISARI Penelitian untuk menghitung nilai ekonomi ekoststem terumbu karang Kepulauan Togian dan nilai kelayakan ekonomi dari pengelolaan berdasarkan besarnya risiko ekonomi dari setiap bentuk aneatnan kerusakan. Penelitian juga menelaah sikap penerimaan masyarakat terhadap bentuk pemanfaatan ekosistem terurnbu karang yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Nilai ekonomi ekosistern terumbu karang dihitung dengan Analisis Biaya-Manfaat bedasarkan konsep Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) dari ekosistem terumbu karang. Penilaian sumberdaya menggunakan pendekatan pasar dan pendekatan pasar pengganti. Kelayakan bentuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya dan jasa-jasa lingkungan dianalisis dengan. NPV dan BCR. Tenggang waktu pengelolaan 10 tahun dengan tingkat bunga sebesar 12 % per tahun. Penelaahan sikap masyarakat didasarkan atas sikap menerima atau menolak bentuk pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang yang berkelanjutan. Wawancara dilakukan pada 300 responden di tiga pulau yang terpilih. Penarikan sampel secara cluster sampling. Hasil valuasi ekonomi menunjukkan NET dari ekosistem terumbu karang Kepulauan Togian sebesar Rp 108.930.911.370/th. Dengan pengelolaan secara berkelanjutan selama 10 tahun, diperoleh Nilai NPV sebesar Rp 615.483.943.929. Nilai tersebut terdiri dari nilai potensi sumberdaya perikanan sebesar Rp 594.962.333.889; nilai pariwisata sebesar Rp 18.826.543.131 dan nilai perlindungan pantai sebesar Rp1.695.066.909. Nilai ekonomi perikanan dengan bom adalah Rp1.128.236.534 dan mengakibatkan hilangnya pendapatan nelayan secara berkelanjutan sebesar Rp 549.143.368.060, serta kerugian bagi masyarakat sebesar Rp 31.684.367.902. Nilai BCR perikanan dengan bom adalah 0,0009 (BCR

ABSTRACT This research aim to valuating the economic value of Togian islands coral reefs ecosystem and the economical properties value of the coral reef management, and it's economic magnitude risk which based on the potential threat damaging of any kinds of resources exploitation. Besides those objectives, this research is also to analyzing the society atittude aeainst the anv kinds ot sustainable resources exploitation. This research is carried out by survey method. The economic value of coral reefs ecosystem is measured by Cost-Benefit Analyzine from each kinds of exploitation which based on the Total Economic Value (TEV) concept of coral reefs ecosystem. Resources valuating is considered by market approach and surrogate market approach. The economical properties from each kinds oi¬resources exploitation and the environmental merits are analyzed by Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The managament time range is considered to 10 years interest rate of 12 % per year Societv atittude analyzing is based on the acceptance or rejection by each kinds of coral ttefs ecosystem management. The interview was done on every 300 respondents in three chosen islands by applying the cluster sampling method. The result of the economic valuation showed that TEV of Togian islands coral reefs ecosystem is Rp 108.930.911.370/yr By coral reefs sustainable management during 10 years, is obtained Rp 615.483.943.929 of NPV Those value are based on fisheries potential resources value of Rp 594.962.333.889. tourism potential value is Rp18.826,543.131 and coastal proteet area value 1N Rp 1.695.066.909. Blast fishing econotmc value is Rp 1.128.236.534 and elrected the depletion of lisherman's sustainable income is Rp 549.143.368.060. BCR of cyanide fishing effected society's lost income is Rp 31.684.367902. BCR of blast is 0.0009 (BCR<1), so that blast fishing by economical is unfeasible to stablished. Coral reefs economic value based on c?anide fishing is Rp 421.436.010.132 and cause of fisherman's lost income is Rp 549.143.368 060, BCR of cyanide fishing is 0,39 (BCR <1), so that cyanide fishing is unfeasible to stablished. The economic value of coral mining is Rp 13.115.749.711 and give the opportunity to digger is Rp 10.845.716.107, yet due to the society's lost income Rp 615.483.943.929. BCR of coral mining is 0.017 (BCR<1), so that coral mining activity is unfeasible to stablished. There is a correlation between the respondent acceptance atittude with work opprtunity variable, time residence and the knowledge of coral reefs ecosystem. Key words: Total economic value; Coral reefs; Sustainable; Blast fishing; Cyanide fishing.

Kata Kunci : Nilai ekokonomi total, Terumbu Karang, Berkelanjutan, Perikanan dengan hom, Perikanan dengan sianida