Pengaruh Otoritarianisme Digital Terhadap Penghormatan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia

Ade Risma Priastika, Prof. Dr. Dafri Agussalim, MA

2025 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Otoritarianisme digital di Indonesia menandai babak baru dalam relasi antara negara, teknologi, dan warga negara. Transformasi digital yang semestinya memperluas ruang demokrasi justru dimanfaatkan oleh negara sebagai instrumen kontrol politik melalui pengawasan daring, kriminalisasi berbasis pasal karet UU ITE, sensor konten, hingga pemutusan koneksi internet. Dalam konteks ini, praktik otoritarianisme digital tidak sekadar membatasi kebebasan berekspresi dan hak atas privasi, tetapi juga mengikis penghormatan terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) sebagaimana dijamin dalam ICCPR Pasal 19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis untuk memahami bagaimana negara mereproduksi kontrol melalui narasi keamanan dan stabilitas politik. Dengan kerangka digital rights dan konsep oppressive privilege, penelitian ini berargumen bahwa otoritarianisme digital adalah strategi sistematis untuk mempertahankan dominasi kekuasaan dengan membungkus represi melalui legitimasi hukum dan teknologi. Fenomena ini menghasilkan chilling effect, memperkuat autocensorship, serta mempersempit ruang partisipasi publik. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik otoritarianisme digital tidak hanya merusak hak-hak fundamental warga negara, tetapi juga mengancam fondasi demokrasi substantif di Indonesia.

Digital authoritarianism in Indonesia marks a new phase in the relationship between the state, technology, and its citizens. The digital transformation that was expected to expand democratic space has instead been exploited by the state as a political control instrument through online surveillance, criminalization under the elastic provisions of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), content censorship, and internet shutdowns. In this context, digital authoritarian practices not only restrict freedom of expression and the right to privacy but also erode respect for human rights as guaranteed under Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, this study examines how the state reproduces control through the narratives of security and political stability. Drawing upon the frameworks of digital rights and the concept of oppressive privilege, this research argues that digital authoritarianism constitutes a systematic strategy to maintain power  dominance by legitimizing repression through legal and technological means. Such practices generate a chilling effect, reinforce self-censorship, and constrict public participation. Overall, this study demonstrates that digital authoritarianism in Indonesia not only undermines citizens’ fundamental rights but also poses a substantial threat to the foundations of substantive democracy. 

Kata Kunci : Otoritarianisme Digital, Hak Asasi Manusia, Oppressive Privileges, Indonesia/Digital Authoritarianism, Human Rights, Oppressive Privileges, Indonesia