Analisis Korelasi Penurunan Tanah terhadap Perubahan Muka Air Tanah Berdasarkan Pengamatan DInSAR di DKI Jakarta

Jevan Rofelix Pardede, Prof. Ir. Leni Sophia Heliani, S.T., M.Sc., D.Sc., IPU.

2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEODESI

Penurunan tanah merupakan fenomena geologi yang kerap terjadi di wilayah perkotaan yang padat penduduk dan memiliki tingkat pemanfaatan air tanah yang tinggi, seperti di DKI Jakarta. DKI Jakarta menjadi salah satu wilayah yang rentan terhadap fenomena ini, mengingat tingginya kepadatan penduduk, pertumbuhan industri, dan ketergantungan terhadap sumber daya air tanah. Penurunan muka air tanah yang signifikan diduga menjadi salah satu faktor utama yang memicu terjadinya penurunan tanah. Secara garis besar, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara penurunan tanah dan perubahan muka air tanah, untuk memahami kontribusi perubahan muka air tanah terhadap laju penurunan tanah di DKI Jakarta.

Estimasi penurunan tanah dilakukan dengan metode Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) berbasis citra Sentinel-1A pada periode 2020 s.d. 2024. Hasil pengolahan DInSAR kemudian divalidasi berdasarkan data GNSS dari beberapa stasiun CORS. Sementara itu, data perubahan muka air tanah, yang terdiri atas akuifer tertekan dan akuifer tidak tertekan diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran sumur pantau Balai Konservasi Air Tanah, Kementerian ESDM. Data perubahan air tanah dan data penurunan tanah yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson untuk mengukur kekuatan dan arah hubungan, selanjutnya pemodelan regresi linier untuk mengestimasi kontribusi perubahan muka air tanah terhadap penurunan tanah.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara perubahan muka air tanah dan penurunan tanah pada kedua jenis akuifer, meskipun kekuatan hubungan bervariasi. Pada akuifer tidak tertekan, koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,401 dan nilai signifikansi p < 0>

Land subsidence is a common geological phenomenon frequently observed in densely populated urban areas with high rates of groundwater utilization, such as in DKI Jakarta. DKI Jakarta is highly vulnerable to this phenomenon, considering its high population density, rapid industrial growth, and heavy reliance on groundwater resources. Significant groundwater level decline is suspected to be one of the primary factors triggering land subsidence. Broadly, this study aims to analyze the relationship between land subsidence and changes in groundwater level to understand the contribution of groundwater level fluctuations to the rate of land subsidence in DKI Jakarta.

Land subsidence estimation was carried out using the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) method based on Sentinel-1A imagery for the period 2020 to 2024. The DInSAR processing results were then validated using GNSS data acquired from several CORS stations. Meanwhile, the groundwater level change data, which consists of both unconfined and confined aquifers, were obtained from monitoring well measurements provided by the Balai Konservasi Air Tanah, Kementerian ESDM. The derived land subsidence and groundwater change data were subsequently analyzed using Pearson correlation to measure the strength and direction of the relationship, followed by linear regression modeling to estimate the contribution of groundwater level changes to land subsidence.

The results indicate a positive correlation between groundwater level change and land subsidence in both aquifer types, although the strength of the relationship varies. For the unconfined aquifer, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.401, with a significance value of p<0 lang="EN-ID">In contrast, the confined aquifer showed a lower contribution, with an r value of 0.339 and p<0 lang="EN-ID">Overall, this study demonstrates that changes in groundwater level are related to land subsidence, although other factors such as natural compaction, infrastructure load, and geotechnical conditions also contribute to land subsidence in DKI Jakarta.

Kata Kunci : Penurunan tanah, DInSAR, perubahan muka air tanah, korelasi