Membaca Kembali Realisme Agensial secara Difraktif

MUHAMMAD ORIZA ANTASENA, Rangga Kala Mahaswa, S.Fil., M.Phil.; Dr. M. Rodinal Khair Khasri, S.Fil., M.Phil.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU FILSAFAT

Ada paling tidak tiga keberatan terhadap pendekatan interdisipliner Karen Barad dalam realisme agensial, antara lain ketidakakuratan pembacaan Barad atas Bohr, kurangnya bukti empiris untuk efek kuantum di ranah makroskopis, serta spekulasi interdisipliner dalam ilmu sosial kuantum yang dianggap lemah secara ilmiah. Keberatan-keberatan ini mengangkat persoalan tentang validitas epistemologis realisme agensial, dan untuk menelusuri validitas tersebut, penelitian ini mencoba gerakan meta-difraktif: membaca kembali realisme agensial melalui realisme agensial dan metodologi difraktif itu sendiri.

Maka, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pembacaan difraktif yang berlandaskan pada metodologi difraktif Barad, di mana teks-teks dibaca melalui satu sama lain untuk memetakan efek perbedaan antarteks sebagai sumber pemahaman konseptual yang lebih kaya atau baru. Secara khusus, pembacaan difraktif diterapkan pada realisme agensial dan metodologi difraktif itu sendiri, bersama interferensi kritik terhadapnya (terutama dari perspektif empiris dan epistemologis), fisika kuantum, dan teori feminis.

Implikasi dari pembacaan kembali secara difraktif ini menunjukkan bahwa realisme agensial tetap mapan sebagai kerangka ethico-onto-epitemology, meskipun menghadapi kritik empiris. Realisme agensial memerlihatkan kelenturan dan daya reflektifnya dalam berjumpa dengan keberatan-keberatan tersebut secara difraktif, sekaligus memerkuat posisi metodologi difraktif sebagai pendekatan interdisipliner yang resilien dan terbuka untuk direvisi. Terlihat juga koherensi pembacaan difraktif Barad atas fisika kuantum dan teori feminis, sehingga, landasan realisme agensial jelas andaikata hendak diuji pembuktian empirisnya. Validitas epistemologis realisme agensial dengan demikian dinilai dari konsistensi konseptualnya, koherensi pembacaan difraktif dan akuntabilitas etis Barad, serta daya penjelasan, heuristis, interdisipliner, dan eksploratifnya.

At least there are three objections to Karen Barad's interdisciplinary approach in her agential realism, namely the alleged inaccuracy of Barad's reading of Bohr, the lack of empirical evidence for quantum effects in the macroscopic realm, and the scientifically weak nature of interdisciplinary speculations in quantum social science. These objections raise the question of the epistemological validity of agential realism, and to investigate this validity, this study performs a meta-diffractive move: re-reading agential realism through agential realism and its own diffractive methodology.

Therefore, the method of which employed in this study is diffractive reading based on Barad's diffractive methodology, wherein texts are read through one another to map the effects of their differences, thereby generating richer or novel conceptual understandings. Specifically, this diffractive reading is applied to agential realism and diffractive methodology themselves, in interference with their critiques (especially from empirical and epistemological perspectives), quantum physics, and feminist theory.

The implications of this diffractive re-reading indicate that agential realism remains robust as an ethico-onto-epistemological framework, despite facing empirical criticisms. In its diffractive encounter with these objections, agential realism demonstrates its flexibility and reflexivity, while also reinforcing diffractive methodology as a resilient and revision-open interdisciplinary approach. This affirms the conceptual consistency between agential realism and diffractive methodology. Coherence is also evident in Barad's diffractive reading of quantum physics and feminist theory, thus clarifying the foundation of agential realism should one seek its empirical testing. The epistemological validity of agential realism is therefore assessed by its conceptual consistency, the coherence of Barad's diffractive readings and ethical accountability, as well as its explanatory, heuristic, interdisciplinary, and explorative power.

Kata Kunci : realisme agensial, metodologi difraktif, meta-difraksi, validitas epistemologis, interdisiplineritas. / agential realism, diffractive methodology, meta-diffraction, epistemological validity, interdisciplinarity.