Perbandingan Desain Rencana dan Alternatif Desain Perlindungan Kaki Lereng Timbunan pada Overpass Abutment Ramp 3 Junction STA 3+550 Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Tol Yogyakarta-Solo Seksi 2.2
Ridhwan Nur Aprianto, Ir. Dr. Eng. Iman Haryanto, S.T., M.T.
2025 | Tugas Akhir | D4 TEKNOLOGI REKAYASA PELAKSANAAN BANGUNAN SIPIL
The construction of the Yogyakarta–Solo Toll Road Section 2.2 Ramp 3 Junction STA 3+550 requires reliable slope-foot protection to ensure the stability of the overpass abutment. The existing design employs a reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall. While this structure is capable of resisting lateral earth pressures, it involves relatively high construction costs. This study aims to evaluate an alternative design using a gravity retaining wall made of stone masonry by considering technical performance, structural stability, and cost efficiency. The analysis was carried out through conventional static calculations and two-dimensional numerical modeling using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The input data were derived from soil investigation results, design parameters in the Detailed Engineering Design (DED), and the existing geometric conditions. Stability evaluation focused on safety factors against sliding, overturning, and soil bearing capacity.
The results of the static calculation indicate that the cantilever wall achieves a sliding safety factor of 2.47, overturning of 3.89, and soil bearing capacity of 3.38. The gravity wall demonstrates higher values, with sliding at 2.61, overturning at 4.49, and soil bearing capacity at 3.72. FEM analysis shows that after construction, the cantilever wall records a safety factor of 1.99, while the gravity wall reaches 2.10. Under seismic loading, the cantilever wall achieves a safety factor of 1.16 compared to 1.21 for the gravity wall. Both alternatives satisfy the minimum stability requirements, with the gravity wall performing better in terms of overturning and soil bearing capacity, whereas the cantilever wall provides slightly smaller deformations.
The cost evaluation highlights a substantial difference between the two alternatives. The construction of a cantilever retaining wall requires Rp106,260,706.70, whereas the gravity wall requires only Rp45,430,069.62. This significant cost gap demonstrates that the gravity wall is more economically efficient. Considering both technical and economic aspects, the gravity retaining wall can be recommended as an alternative design for slope-foot protection in this project. The findings are expected to serve as a useful reference for decision-making in the design of retaining structures for similar infrastructure projects.
Kata Kunci : dinding penahan tanah, tipe kantilever, tipe gravitasi, stabilitas lereng, FEM 2D, efisiensi biaya.