Potensi terjadinya Healthcare-Associated Infections dengan Kebiasaan Membersihkan Handphone pada Perawat: Scoping Review

Desyana Ayu Ramadhani, Khudazi Aulawi, S.Kp., M.Kes., MN.Sc., Ph.D; Haryani, S.Kp., M.Kes., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Penggunaan handphone oleh tenaga kesehatan, khususnya perawat di lingkungan klinis, tanpa disinfeksi yang memadai dapat menjadi media transmisi mikroorganisme penyebab Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Membersihkan handphone menjadi salah satu upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi, namun dalam praktiknya belum dilakukan secara optimal. Studi mengenai potensi terjadinya HAIs dengan rendahnya kebiasaan membersihkan handphone pada perawat masih terbatas
Tujuan: Meninjau literatur ilmiah terkait potensi terjadinya HAIs dengan kebiasaan membersihkan handphone pada perawat.
Metode: Scoping review dilakukan dengan pendekatan Population, Concept, Context (PCC). Artikel diperoleh dari pencarian melalui database dan handsearching. Proses seleksi menggunakan diagram PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) dan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. 
Hasil: Analisis menunjukkan seluruh handphone tenaga kesehatan terkontaminasi bakteri sebanyak 75,15%-100?ri sampel. Jenis bakteri yang sering ditemukan antara lain Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) berkisar 50%-96%, Staphylococcus aureus (termasuk MRSA) sekitar 1,69%-32,4%, dan bakteri Gram-negatif. Frekuensi dan metode membersihkan handphone dalam artikel masih bervariasi, dan sebagian besar perawat, tidak melakukan disinfeksi secara rutin. Meskipun tidak ditemukan bukti langsung antara kebiasaan membersihkan handphone dengan kejadian HAIs, potensi risiko transmisi silang tetap ada.
Kesimpulan: Handphone tenaga kesehatan, termasuk perawat, memiliki tingkat kontaminasi bakteri yang tinggi dan berpotensi menjadi sumber penularan infeksi. Namun, belum terdapat bukti ilmiah dari artikel yang menunjukkan keterkaitan langsung antara kebiasaan membersihkan handphone dengan kejadian HAIs.

Background: The use of mobile phones by healthcare workers, particularly nurses in clinical settings, without adequate disinfection can serve as a medium for the transmission of microorganisms that cause Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Cleaning mobile phones is one of the infection prevention and control efforts; however, in practice, it is not yet carried out optimally. Studies investigating the potential occurrence of HAIs related to poor phone cleaning habits among nurses remain limited.
Objective: To review the scientific literature regarding the potential occurrence of HAIs in relation to phone-cleaning habits among nurses.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) framework. Articles were retrieved through database searches and handsearching. The selection process was illustrated using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) flow diagram and based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: The analysis showed that all mobile phones used by healthcare workers were contaminated with bacteria, with contamination rates ranging from 75.15% to 100% of samples. Commonly found bacteria included Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) ranging from 50% to 96%, Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) at approximately 1.69% to 32.4%, and Gram-negative bacteria. The frequency and methods of phone cleaning varied across studies, and most nurses did not routinely disinfect their phones. Although no direct evidence was found linking phone-cleaning habits to the occurrence of HAIs, the potential risk of cross-transmission remains.
Conclusion: Mobile phones used by healthcare workers, including nurses, have a high level of bacterial contamination and may serve as a potential source of infection transmission. However, current literature has not demonstrated a direct scientific link between mobile phone cleaning habits and the incidence of HAIs

Kata Kunci : disinfeksi, handphone, HAIs, perawat, scoping review