Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin dan Bobot Potong Terhadap Persentase Karkas dan Non Karkas Edibel Ayam Broiler Ras Indian River

Meila Shahrica, Dr. Ir. Rio Olympias Sujarwanta, S.Pt., M.Sc., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kelamin dan bobot potong terhadap persentase karkas dan non karkas edibel ayam broiler ras Indian River. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor ayam broiler, terdiri atas lima ekor jantan dan betina pada masing-masing dari tiga kelompok bobot potong, yaitu kisaran 1,3 kg (1319-1383 g), 1,5 kg (1564-1592 g), dan 1,9 kg (1910-1944 g). Ayam diperoleh dari farm internal PT Ciomas Adisatwa Pemalang dan diproses dengan standar operasional pemotongan halal hingga tahap cut up. Variabel yang diukur meliputi persentase karkas, potongan komersial, dan non karkas edibel, yaitu hati, jantung, ampela, ceker, kepala dan leher. Data dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap atau Randomized Complete Block Design (2 jenis kelamin x 3 bobot potong), dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kelamin berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua variabel kecuali ceker dan kepala dan leher. Rerata persentase karkas ayam jantan dan betina adalah 72,86 ± 1,15?n 71,34 ± 2,04%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bobot potong berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua variabel. Persentase karkas, dada, dan paha atas tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh bobot potong kisaran 1,9 kg (1910-1944 g), sedangkan persentase paha bawah, sayap, dan non karkas edibel tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh bobot potong kisaran 1,3 kg (1319-1383 g). Ayam jantan memiliki rata-rata persentase karkas, paha atas, paha bawah, jantung, ceker, dan kepala dan leher yang lebih tinggi. Ayam betina memiliki rata-rata persentase dada, sayap, hati, dan ampela yang lebih tinggi. Peningkatan bobot potong meningkatkan persentase karkas, dada, dan paha atas, namun menurunkan persentase paha bawah, sayap, dan non karkas edibel.

 This study aimed to determine the effect of sex and slaughter weight on carcass and edible non carcass percentages of Indian River broiler chickens. The study used 30 broiler chickens, consisting of five males and five females in each of three slaughter weight groups, namely with slaughter weight ranges of approximately 1,3 kg (1319-1383 g), 1,5 kg (1564-1592 g), and 1,9 kg (1910-1944 g). The chickens were obtained from internal farm of PT Ciomas Adisatwa Pemalang and were processed according to the standard operational procedures for halal slaughtering up to the cut up stage. The variables measured included carcass percentage, commercial cuts, and edible non carcass parts, namely the liver, heart, gizzard, feet, head and neck. Data were analyzed using a Randomized Complete Block Design (2 sexes x 3 slaughter weights) and were further tested with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to identify significant differences. The result showed that sex had a significant effect on all variables except for the feet and head and neck. The average carcass percentages of males and female chickens were 72,86 ± 1,15% and 71,34 ± 2,04% respectively. Slaughter weight also had a significant effect on all variables. The highest percentages of carcass, breast, and thigh were observed at a slaughter weight of 1,9 kg (1910-1944 g), whereas the highest percentages of drumstick, wing, and edible non carcass parts were observed at a slaughter weight of 1,3 kg (1319-1383 g). Male chickens had higher average percentages of carcass, thigh, drumstick, heart, feet, and head and neck, while female chickens had higher average percentages of breast, wing, liver, and gizzard. Increasing slaughter weight increases the percentages of carcass, breast, and thigh, but drecreases the percentages of drumstick, wing, and edible non carcass parts.

Kata Kunci : Ayam broiler, ras Indian River, jenis kelamin, bobot potong, persentase karkas, persentase non karkas edibel